The women who became newly entitled to rctlrement benefits in 1970 were the war workers of the 19.$0’s They pioneered the trend for large numbers of married women to work outside the home. This artzcle reports on their lzfetime work experzencecomparzng their years of covered employment, covered earrtinga, and social security benefits to men’a. As expected, thezr years of employment were fewer a...

Light has been used to treat disease since the dawn of time. Nevertheless, its popularity has fluctuated over the years. Early use, such as that recorded by the Greeks and Romans, emphasized its thermal effects and, as recently as the early 1900's, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the use of the ultraviolet portion of the light spectrum in the treatment of tuberculosis. Subsequent imp...

Child health in the United States improved dramatically over the twentieth century. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicate the infant mortality rate was 23 times greater in 1900 than in 2004. The mortality rate of oneto four-year-old children, although lower in absolute terms, had a larger proportionate decline: the value in 1900 was 66 times that in 2004. The proximate ca...

braconidae (hymenoptera) communities at high altitudes in alfalfa fields of kerman province (iran) were analyzed. the communities were sampled by sweep netting in 2014 and 2015. samples were taken from three altitudinal transects: 1900–2300 m, 2400–2700 m and 2800–3100 m. a total of 1773 braconid specimens belonging to seven subfamilies were collected. alpha, beta and gamma diversities were ana...

Editorial Paul Ehrlich prophesied "magic bullet" in early 1900 [1], but it was not until 1975 that Kohler and Milstein developed the hybridoma technology [2]. Since then hematology and oncology have become closely intertwined and rapidly evolving fields. New findings from laboratorybased research are rapidly being turned into clinical applications. Within less than a decade, targeted therapy ha...

In 1900, Dorn discovered the emanation in the uranium series that eventually became the well-known gas Rn. From 1900 through 1908, it was demonstrated that Rn is a radioactive gas found in tap water, highly condensable at low temperatures with a halflife of approximately 3.7 days and can be collected on charcoal by adsorption. Although, radon was discovered in 1900, the effects of prolonged exp...

JEL Classification: J15, N31 Improving early prenatal and postnatal conditions account for at least 16 to 17 percent of the decline in ten year mortality rates of 60-79 year olds between 1900 and 1960-80. Historical trends in early prenatal and postnatal conditions imply that while the baby-boom cohort may be particularly long-lived compared to past cohorts, mortality rates may not fall as stee...

Priscilla White studied the treatment of diabetes in mothers, pregnant women, and children during the twentieth century in the United States. White began working with children with Type 1 diabetes in 1924 at Elliott Proctor Joslin?s practice in Boston, Massachusetts. Type 1 diabetes is an incurable disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Insulin is a hormone [2] that allows th...