Phenotypes produced by expression of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenes vary depending on the genetic background of the mouse. FVB/N mice overexpressing human APP695 develop a central nervous system disorder and die prematurely, precluding development of Ab peptide amyloid plaques. 129S6 mice are resistant to the lethal effects of APP overexpression, allowing sufficient levels of ...

Priscilla White studied the treatment of diabetes in mothers, pregnant women, and children during the twentieth century in the United States. White began working with children with Type 1 diabetes in 1924 at Elliott Proctor Joslin?s practice in Boston, Massachusetts. Type 1 diabetes is an incurable disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin. Insulin is a hormone [2] that allows th...

This paper describes a scheme for local computation in conditional Gaussian Bayesian networks that combines the approach of Lauritzen and Jensen (2001) with some elements of Shachter and Kenley (1989). Message passing takes place on an elimination tree structure rather than the more compact (and usual) junction tree of cliques. This yields a local computation scheme in which all calculations in...

Communication is a goal–directed activity. In general, it can serve multiple purposes, e.g. information transfer, expression of emotions, making promises,... According to H.P. Grice (1989), if communication is to be successful, the specific purpose of the communicative act has to be known and accepted by all participants. Hence, for a participant to be cooperative (i.e. willing to make the comm...

Territory defense evolves when the benefits of maintaining exclusive access to areas containing one or more resources essential for survival and reproduction exceed the costs of excluding competitors (Brown 1964; Brown & Orians 1970; Emlen & Oring 1977; Davies & Houston 1984; Stamps 1994). Defense costs may include the time and energy expended in aggressive contests and displays (Marler & Moore...

A volcano observatory that is monitoring an erupting volcano(es) needs as much relevant data as it can get in a timely manner. InSAR has, potentially, a major role to play in delivering information on ground deformation and topographic change that can feed into the crisis management process. The Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO) has been observing the ongoing eruption of the Soufriere Hills ...

The stimulant effects of cocaine are relatively short lived, as evidenced by the increase in heart rate that peaks at about 60 minutes after cocaine administration and declines thereafter (Farre et al. 1993). This duration of effect is largely due to the rapid hydrolysis of cocaine to two major deesterified metabolites that appear in serum and urine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester (f...

Sports events, as the ancient Greeks knew well, could be used as a substitute for war in city-state competition, hence the creation of the ancient Olympics. Although the founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin, envisioned an event free of consumerism and nationalism, they are now a forum for national conflict and rivalry (Riggs 1993). As Katz and Dayan (1985) argue, the Olympics are...