This study analyses for the first time break in stilling detected by previous research around 2010, with focus Sweden using homogenized near-surface mean and gust wind speed observations 1997–2019. During recent past two decades, both magnitude frequency (exceeding 90th percentile) underwent nonlinear changes, driven dominant winter variability. In particular, consistent studies, significant (p...

We examine the spiking axon as a communication channel. We develop a .rst principles channel model that encompasses the noise in the axon, which manifests itself as spike jitter, and the power consumption, which arises from the activity of the Na–K pump. This model enables us to examine the trade-o4 between the information rate and power consumption. Using parameters from the frog myelinated ax...

Biological phenomenon. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) in its narrow sense refers to the change in the synaptic strength as a result of electrically eliciting pairs of action potentials (‘spikes’) with a fixed time difference between the preand post-synaptic action potentials (Markram et al., 1997; Bi and Poo, 1998; Sjostrom et al., 2001). STDP is typically observed for synapses betwee...

In this paper the coding capabilities of individual retinal ganglion cells are compared with respect to the coding capabilities of small population of cells using different neural networks. This approach allows not only the identification of the most discriminating cells, but also detection of the parameters that are more important for the discrimination task. Our results show that the spike ra...

BACKGROUND This research evaluated the effectiveness of an online education model in teaching breast self- examination to university staff and students. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1,679 women participated in a breast self-examination online training program. Breast self-examination knowledge evaluation forms developed by Maurer (1997) were used in the research and were evaluated on a 100 point sca...

The No Free Lunch (NFL) theorem due to Wolpert and Macready (1997) has led to controversial discussions on the usefulness of randomized search heuristics, in particular, evolutionary algorithms. Here a short and simple proof of the NFL theorem is given to show its elementary character. Moreover, the proof method leads to a generalization of the NFL theorem. Afterwards, realistic complexity theo...