Normal saline or air is used to identify loss of resistance during identification of the epidural space for combined spinal-epidural analgesia. Following epidural needle placement using air for loss of resistance, up to 80% of parturients move, grimace, vocalise or experience paraesthesia or dysaesthesia during subsequent dural puncture by a spinal needle. We compared the effects of saline vers...

provided the original work is properly cited. CC Central venous catheterization is performed in the operating room, intensive care unit and emergency room for various reasons. Internal jugular vein is preferred in the operating room due to little chance of pneumothorax and straight route for catheterization to the right atrium. We experienced a case of central venous catheter malposition to cep...

Transdesign is the process of converting an idea that has already been used into another one by adding compensation or removing an information in order to modify it to suit a particular purpose. This paper presents the redesign concept as a radical method of revamping a dead electric motor back to usefulness. Data for this paper was got from direct measurement of parameter of a 2.5Hp discarded ...

location, 39accessible, 78annotation statement, 86assert, 89assignable, 78assume, 88augmented postcondition, 83augmented precondition, 83axiom, 42 Behavioral Interface Speci cation Lan-guage, 1behavioral subtype, 25\bigint, 12, 48 call stack, 17, 18class, 12Class (type), 12code fragment, 12annotated, 12constraint, see history const...

Analytical target cascading (ATC) has emerged 12 as an integrated approach and methodology for optimal 13 design of complex hierarchical systems with good conver-14 gence. It facilitates collaborative design problem solving 15 and enables distributed computing to extend both the 16 capability and capacity. ATC is very powerful yet requiring 17 comprehensive understanding and efforts in setting ...

OBJECTIVES To demonstrate a novel approach to cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) injections. STUDY DESIGN Anatomic feasibility study. METHODS Five human cadaveric larynges providing 10 CAJ s were used to obtain trajectory measurements of a 27-gauge 1½-inch needle placed between the CAJ capsule and the contralateral cricothyroid membrane. Ten additional larynges providing 20 CAJ s were then used to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of CT-guided CTSI is to inject medication into the foraminal region where the nerve root is inflamed. The optimal location for needle placement and therapeutic delivery, however, remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate how needle positioning and angle of approach impact the transforaminal distribution of injectate. MATERIALS AND METHODS We...

Using three surveys, a comparative assessment of needle performance and patient preference for 27-gauge (G) and 29G needles for glatiramer acetate administration for multiple sclerosis therapy was performed. Eligible patients participated in a specialty pharmacy program and administered glatiramer acetate for ≥1 month. In Survey 1 on the 27G needle, 545 (82.70%) patients reported no needle prob...

This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of 244 sonographically guided fine- needle aspiration biopsy in 226 patients with ultrasonographically suspected hepatic malignant lesions. A final diagnosis of malignancy was established in 166 cases (73%) (145 hepatocellular carcinoma, 21 metastasis); benign lesions were aspirated in 60 cases (27%). The diagnostic s...