Evolutionary developmental biology is based on the principle that evolution arises from hereditable changes in development. Most of this new work has centred on changes in the regulatory components of the genome. However, recent studies (many of them documented in this volume) have shown that development also includes interactions between the organism and its environment. One area of interest c...

Grade II gliomas are slowly growing primary brain tumors that affect mostly young patients. Cytotoxic therapies (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) are used initially only for patients having a bad prognosis. These therapies are planned following the "maximum dose in minimum time" principle, i. e. the same schedule used for high-grade brain tumors in spite of their very different behavior. These...

Cogeneration power plants simultaneously generate power and usable heat in a single, integrated system, which achieves a degree of overall efficiency that is much greater compared to electricity production alone. This makes better use of energy conversion and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Combined heat and power production is already relatively common in Europe while it is less common, for ...

In order to incorporate the effect of gravity waves (GWs) on the atmospheric circulation most global circulation models (GCMs) employ gravity wave parameterization schemes. To date, GW parameterization schemes in GCMs are used without experimental validation of the set of global parameters assumed for the GW launch spectrum. This paper focuses on the Warner and McIntyre GW parameterization sche...

C onservationists must make hard choices about where to invest limited resources for the protection of biological diversity. Numerous prioritization schemes have identified places where biodiversity is especially rich or risks are especially urgent (1). Application of return on investment (ROI) thinking promises to make conservation investments much more efficient by explicitly incorporating ec...

Current snowmelt parameterisation schemes are largely untested in warmer maritime snowfields, where physical snow properties can differ substantially from the more common colder snow environments. Physical properties such as snow density influence the thermal properties of snow layers and are likely to be important for snowmelt rates. Existing methods for incorporating physical snow properties ...

P2P networks suffer from the free-riding problem, wherein users connect to the network only to use the resources, but do not donate any resources themselves. A popular approach to overcome this problem is to reward peers who share their resources, through payments. This has given a fresh lease of life to micropayments schemes, which are now being used in such networks. P2P Micropayment schemes ...

Bilingual dictionaries are key resources in several fields such as translation, language learning or various NLP tasks. However, only major languages have such resources. Automatically built dictionaries by using pivot languages could be a useful resource in these circumstances. Pivot-based bilingual dictionary building is based on merging two bilingual dictionaries which share a common languag...

In this work, several machine learning techniques are presented for nanofiltration modeling. According to the results, specific errors are defined. The rejection due to Nanofiltration increases with pressure but decreases with increasing the concentration of chloride ion. Methods of machine learning represent the rejection of nanofiltration as a function of concentration, pH, pressure and also ...