Evidence for a divisive contrast gain control in human vision was obtained using a contrast version of the probe-on-flash technique that has been employed in the light adaptation literature. Thresholds were measured for a briefly flashed (30 ms), vertical test pattern superimposed on a cosine mask as a function of time after mask onset (SOA). Threshold elevations declined monotonically for SOAs...

Biological Monitoring of Styrene in FRPMaking Small Industries in Kumamoto, Japan— Winter-Summer Difference and Effect of Protective Masks in Practical Working Conditions—: Tsukasa INAOKA, et al. Department of Public Health, Kumamoto University School of Medicine— Objective: Studies were carried out in Kumamoto, Japan to examine 1) the winter-summer differences in the average individual exposur...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of two different immobilization methods in patient positioning in cranial radiotherapy. The six-dimensional (6D) target localization accuracy of using a dedicated stereotactic mask was compared with that of a conventional head mask by the ExacTrac system. Material and Methods: ...

We derive the roundtrip Jones matrix for double passage through a reciprocal optical medium by means of reflection off an anisotropic mirror in different conventions and clarify the relation between them. We then show that if a medium with only linear birefringence and linear dichroism is placed between a pair of orthogonal quarterwave plates with principal axes at 45 to that of the medium and ...

We first derive the round-trip Jones matrix for double passage through a reciprocal optical medium by means of reflection off a plane mirror that could be optically anisotropic. We then show that if a medium with only linear birefringence and linear dichroism is placed between a pair of orthogonal quarter-wave plates with principal axes at 45 degrees to that of the medium and the sandwich is pl...

To explore spatial interactions between visual mechanisms in the Fourier domain we measured detection thresholds for vertical and horizontal sine-wave gratings (4.4 deg diameter) over a range of spatial frequencies (0.5-23 c/deg) in the presence of grating and plaid masks with component contrasts of 8%, orientations of +/-45 degrees and a spatial frequency of 1c/deg. The mask suppressed the tar...

The loss of through focus process latitude due to the interaction of electromagnetic fields that are at 90 degree phase with the intended 0 o and 180 o at mask edges and line-ends is characterized for 45 nm imaging using thick-mask and image simulation. TEMPEST and Panoramic Technologies simulators are used to determine near fields and images of chromeless, MoSi and Ta-SiO2 line ends. These fie...

Foley [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11 (1994) 1710] has proposed an influential psychophysical model of masking in which mask components in a contrast gain pool are raised to an exponent before summation and divisive inhibition. We tested this summation rule in experiments in which contrast detection thresholds were measured for a vertical 1 c/deg (or 2 c/deg) sine-wave component in the presence of a 3 c...