leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. currently, multivalent whole-cell leptospiral vaccines can induce protection against leptospirosis. therefore, preparation and formulation of new generations of vaccines that can stimulate long-term immunity for leptospirosis control are essential. the aim of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres ...

the liver fluke fasciola hepatica causes fascioliasis, a liver disease in most part of the world and particularly in north of iran. diagnosis of the diseases is anchored in coprological manner but serological methods are preferable due to some obscurities. in this study, sera obtained from human patients infected with fasciola hepatica were tested by the enzymelinked immunotrotransfer blot (eit...

Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region antibody, is essential for defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 immobilized on DCP microarray and various RBD doses added expressed as 1/IC50 n...

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapies aim to improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments through local specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with their large surface areas, tunable particle pore sizes, spatially controlled functionalization, represent a safe versatile carrier system. In this study, w...

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has a tropism for T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, suggesting that HHV-6 infection affects the immunosurveillance system. In the present study, we investigated the HHV-6-induced phenotypic and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells. HHV-6 infection of monocyte-derived immature DCs appeared to induce th...

A naked DNA vaccine delivered by gene gun into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has emerged as an attractive strategy for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy. However, APCs have a limited lifespan, hindering their long-term ability to prime antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, the potency of DNA vaccines is limited by their inability to process and present antigens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) coul...

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is an oncogenic virus etiologically related to carcinoma and has been found in association with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), controversial results. Little known about the role or influence of MCPyV development these tumors its prevalence various populations. To assess MCPyV`s Large T Antigen DNA cases NMSC, nested-PCR immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performe...