The orally available novel small molecules PF06463922 [(10R)-7-amino12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8, 4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3carbonitrile] and PF06471402 [(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(azeno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11] benzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile] are second-gener...

Asymmetric cell division is utilized by a broad range of cell types to generate two daughter cells with distinct cell fates. In stem cell populations asymmetric cell division is believed to be crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, failure of which can lead to tissue degeneration or hyperplasia/tumorigenesis. Asymmetric cell divisions also underlie cell fate diversification during developm...

■ A general game playing system is one that can accept a formal description of a game and play the game effectively without human intervention. Unlike specialized game players, such as Deep Blue, general game players do not rely on algorithms designed in advance for specific games; and, unlike Deep Blue, they are able to play different kinds of games. In order to promote work in this area, the ...

Researchers from across the social sciences have found consistent deviations from the predictions of the canonical model of self-interest in hundreds of experiments from around the world. This research, however, cannot determine whether the uniformity results from universal patterns of human behavior or from the limited cultural variation available among the university students used in virtuall...

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This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the side effects of atypical antipsychotics, including weight gain, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, QTc interval prolongation, myocarditis, sexual side effects, extrapyramidal side effects and cataract. Some rec­ ommendations about how to prevent and manage these side effects are also provided. It is concluded that atypical antipsy...

Vitamin D is an important regulator of the immune system in general and multiple sclerosis in particular. Experimentally (i), invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been shown to be important suppressors of autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; an animal model of multiple sclerosis). Conversely, in experimental allergic asthma iNKT cells are required ...

Previous studies identified a family of organic anion transport proteins (OATPs), many of which have C-terminal PDZ binding consensus sequences. In particular, the C-terminal four amino acids of Oatp1a1, a transporter on rat and mouse hepatocytes, comprise a consensus binding site for PDZK1. In PDZK1 knockout mice and in transfected cells where PDZK1 expression was knocked down, Oatp1a1 accumul...

The fluid distribution as a function of height in transition zones is often very complex. This may be due to movement of water-oil contact, tilting of the reservoir at some point in time, leak of fluid out of the reservoir zone or complex inflow during secondary migration. The resultant fluid distribution seen in saturation logs may be difficult to model. In this paper we address the changes in...

The most basic and fundamental element of the psalms is their: expression of continual total and exclusive trust in God. This element is most fully expressed in Psalm 62. This psalm, as well as Psalms 4, 16, 27 and 131, is a psalm of trust. Each expresses the same firm hope in God's ability to help his faithful ones become "more than conquerors." Several scholars argue that the psalms of trust ...