1 Center for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, UK. 2 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK. 3 School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, UK. 4 South African Environmental Observation Network, Fynbos Node...

The design of a non-precious metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst of high activity and long durability in acidic electrolyte is of great importance for the development and commercialization of low-temperature fuel cells, which remains a great challenge to date. Here, we demonstrate a facile, scalable protocol for the controlled synthesis of CoxC encapsulated in carbon nanotubes as a n...

The great challenge of boosting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of non-noble-metal electrocatalysts is how to achieve effective exposure and full utilization of nitrogen-rich active sites. To realize the goals of high utilization of active sites and fast electron transport, here we report a new strategy for synthesis of an iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanolayers-wrapped multi-...

ceremony. Entering the Bristol Medical School in 1908 he studied for the London MB, BS externally, he graduated in 1913 with distinction in all the clinical subjects and was awarded the Gold Medal. In the same year he passed the Conjoint examination. He held house appointments at the Royal Infirmary and in one of his reminiscences he described the inadequate accommodation for residents and how ...

-Localization of Pt electrocatalyst by sputter deposition of a thin film (5OOA) on the front surface of a fuel cell electrode containing a supported electrocatalyst (20% Pt/C, 0.4mgcm-* loading) has been known to exhibit higher fuel cell performance as compared to that on the electrode without the sputtered flm. This study compares the electrode kinetic parameters, electrochemically active surf...

Nitrogen (N)-doped carbon and its non-noble metal composite replacing platinum-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts still have some fundamental problems that remain. Here the micron-sized commercial polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber (PAN-CF) electrode was modified using an electrochemical method, converting its inherent pyridinic-N into 2-pyridone (or 2-hydroxyl pyridine) f...

Polarization caused by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on cathodes still contributes significantly to the energy efficiency loss of metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Thus, ways of increasing the ORR kinetics while maintaining fast mass transfer is a grand challenge in the development of a new generation of metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Catalysts based on platinum and other precious ...

Carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium have been extensively investigated with the aim of replacing the commercially available, but precious platinum-based catalysts. For the proper design of carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR, it would be interesting to identify the active sites of the electrocatalyst. The ORR was n...