the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of ten gcms and three emission scenarios to reproduce the rainfall and temperature parameters in kermanshah, ravansar and west islamabad stations located inside qaresou basin in iran using the average weighting method, over 1989-2008 period. at first, the models output and the scenarios were provided for this period. then, the models valid...

The value VF,n(a0, . . . , an, b) = a0 + a1b+ a2b 2 + · · ·+ anb of a polynomial of degree n ≥ 1 over a field F can be computed by Horner’s rule using no more than nmultiplications in F , and it is optimal (for many fields, including the reals R and the complexes C) for the number of multiplications and/or divisions required, cf. Pan [1966], Winograd [1967, 1970]. We show that Horner’s rule is ...

The aim of this study is to investigate climate change impact on Karoon3 basin in future periods. For this purpose, the simulated precipitation of 10 AOGCM models, including BCM2.0, CGCM3T63, CNRMCM3, CSIROMK3.0, GFDLCM2.0, GISS-ER, HADCM3, INMCM3.0, IPSLCM4, MIROC3.2 MEDRES was used to simulate drought index. Monthly precipitation was calculated by inverse distance weighted method. Standard Pr...

Stratospheric ozone recovery is expected to figure prominently in twenty-first century climate change. In a recent paper, Hu et al. (2011) argue that one impact of ozone recovery will be to enhance the warming of the surface-troposphere system produced by increases in wellmixed greenhouse gases. Furthermore, this enhanced warming would be strongest in the Northern Hemisphere, which is surprisin...

In this paper, downscaling models are developed using a Linear Multiple Regression (LMR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for obtaining projections of mean monthly precipitation to lake-basin scale in an arid region in India. The effectiveness of these techniques is demonstrated through application to downscale the predictand (precipitation) for the Pichola lake region in Rajasthan state i...

Objective: a1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are known mediators of a positive inotropy in the heart, which may play even more important roles in heart disease. Due to a lack of sufficiently selective ligands, the contribution of each of the three a1-AR subtypes (a1A, a1B and a1D) to cardiac function is not clearly defined. In this study, we used a systemically expressing mouse model that overexpre...

Despite the high level of symmetry between PsaA and PsaB polypeptides in Photosystem I, some amino acids pairs are strikingly different, such as PsaA-Gly693 PsaB-Trp673, which located near a cluster 11 water molecules A1A A1B quinones FX iron-sulfur cluster. In this work, we changed PsaB-Trp673 to PsaB-Phe673 Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The variant contains ~ 85% wild-type (WT) levels I but is ...

Chromaffin cells express N-type calcium channels identified on the basis of their high sensitivity to block by v-conotoxin GVIA (v-CgTx GVIA). In contrast to neuronal N-type calcium currents that inactivate during long depolarizations and that require negative holding potentials to remove inactivation, many chromaffin cells exhibit N-type calcium channel currents that show little inactivation d...

[1] This study examines the effects of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, and the resulting feedback to natural emissions and air quality. Speciated sectorand region-specific 2030 emission factors were developed to produce gas and particle emission inventories that followed Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B and B1 emission trajectories. Current and future climate model sim...

We have shown previously that the Ca channel b3 subunit is capable of modulating tonic G-protein inhibition of a1A and a1B Ca channels expressed in oocytes. Here we determine the modulatory effect of the Ca channel b3 subunit on M2 muscarinic receptor-activated G-protein inhibition and whether the b3 subunit modulates the G-protein sensitivity of a1A and a1B currents equivalently. To compare th...