plants face many biotic and abiotic stresses at the same time during their growth under field conditions. plants responses toward combined stresses are often more complex than their responses to one type of stress in a way that the results of these responses are called as cross tolerance. this mixture of stresses activates specific models of gene expression that causes special signaling network...

In invasion processes, both abiotic and biotic factors are considered essential, but the latter are usually disregarded when modeling the potential spread of exotic species. In the framework of set theory, interactions between biotic (B), abiotic (A), and movement-related (M) factors in the geographical space can be hypothesized with BAM diagrams and tested using ecological niche models (ENMs) ...

Species assemblages are the results of various processes, including dispersion and habitat filtering. Disentangling the effects of these different processes is challenging for statistical analysis, especially when biotic interactions should be considered. In this study, we used plants (producers) and leafhoppers (phytophagous) as model organisms, and we investigated the relative importance of a...

Understanding the capacity of stream ecosystems to retain nutrients through physical-chemical processes and biotic assimilation has been a central goal of stream ecologists for decades. Currently, most of our understanding of nutrient saturation is based on short-term (<1 day) nutrient addition experiments, while predicting total stream ecosystem response to long-term anthropogenic nutrient loa...

Climate change is expected to increase climate variability and the occurrence of extreme climatic events, with potentially devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the role of climate extremes in structuring aquatic communities or the interplay between climate and local abiotic and biotic factors. Here, we examine the relative influence of climate and local abio...

The imposition of environmental stresses on plants brings about disturbance in their metabolism thereby negatively affecting their growth and development and leading to reduction in the productivity. One of the manifestations of different abiotic and biotic stress conditions in plants is the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can be hazardous to cells. Therefore, in orde...