the world of music. Musicians use inexpensive personal computers instead of expensive recording studios to record, mix, and engineer music. Musicians use the Internet to distribute their music for free instead of spending large amounts of money creating CDs, hiring trucks, and shipping them to hundreds of record stores. As the cost to create and distribute recorded music has dropped, the amount...

AbstractIn this paper we formulate Stein–minimax type estimators and compare the performance properties with other estimators in case of mean value predictions. When the model is estimated by ordinary least squares it has been observed that least squares predicted is unbiased while minimax and Stein-minimax predictors are biased. The superiority conditions of the estimators have been derived by...

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient simulation model for fuzzy logic controlled brushless direct current motor drives using Matlab/Simulink is presented. The brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is efficiently controlled by Fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The control algorithms, fuzzy logic and PID are compared. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e. speed and torque) and as w...

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTIn the past few decades, accumulation of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), in soils has increased as a result of human activities.The environmental hazard associated with soil enrichment in heavy metals is related to their mobility and plant availability. Application of various materials such as humic may influence the amount of Pb taken up by plant. Four levels of each of l...

AbstractIn the last decades, study of normative conflicts in deontic logic has been guided by two main issues: first, developing conflict tolerant systems, typically