since the appearance of the knowledge of syntax the grammarians made an effort to develop the rules of arabic language, through which the quran was sent down. to do this they considered some principles:1 ) to develop the rules of syntax they only referred to the language of arab noble and eloquent tribes. 2) they developed the rules of syntax based on the widespread and prevalent language of ar...

this study attempts to review and analyze abu-firas's roomiia ode and identify the elements composing it by going through the text rhetorically and semantically. in this research the special quality of the ode has affected the selection of the method and coming to a result. in this paper, the authors have taken advantage of the method called discourse analysis of poem, the effective technique t...

The material object in this study is the poem “Abu Tamam book Al Muwazanah Baina Syiir Abu Wa Buhturi”. formal of research Michael Riffatere's semiotic theory. method descriptive qualitative. results through "heuristic reading, reading hermeneutics, matrices and hypograms on Tamam's syiir entitled "Al-Dua li Al-Diyar Bi Al-Saqayaa Al-Khosbu Al-Nabaat", first stanza convey message about hope for...

the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...

Given the long roots of bay‘a (pledge of allegiance) in Islamic tradition and the controversial claim by the Islamic State (IS) to be a caliphate, the application of bay‘a to the group’s leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and his project is a contested issue among radical Islamists. Based on secondary literature and IS ideologues’ own writings, this paper analyses IS’s claims of validity in their ca...

Gonococcaemia with arthritis and dermatitis was described in 1903 by Silvestrini. Subsequent reports, almost all from North America, distinguished two syndromes-one benign, with a mild fever, arthralgia or arthritis, and skin eruptions, and the other a serious illness with often fatal endocarditis (Levin and Silvers, 1937; Reitzel and Kohl, 1938; Williams, 1938). After the introduction of penic...