Earth System Models typically use static responses to temperature to calculate photosynthesis and respiration, but experimental evidence suggests that many plants acclimate to prevailing temperatures. We incorporated representations of photosynthetic and leaf respiratory temperature acclimation into the Community Land Model, the terrestrial component of the Community Earth System Model. These p...

22 Phenotypic variation in stress response has been widely observed within species. This 23 variation is an adaptive response to local climates and is controlled by gene sequence 24 variation and especially by variation in expression at the transcriptome level. Plants 25 from contrasting climates are thus expected to have different patterns in gene 26 expression. Acclimation, a pre-exposure to ...

Previous work has shown that stomata of growth chamber-grown Vicia faba leaves have an enhanced CO2 response when compared with stomata of greenhouse-grown plants. This guard cell response to CO2 acclimatizes to the environmental conditions on the transfer of plants between the two environments. In the present study, air relative humidity is identified as a key environmental factor mediating th...

Many plants, including Arabidopsis, show increased resistance to freezing after they have been exposed to low nonfreezing temperatures. This response, termed cold acclimation, is associated with the induction of COR (cold-regulated) genes mediated by the C-repeat/drought-responsive element (CRT/DRE) DNA regulatory element. Increased expression of Arabidopsis CBF1, a transcriptional activator th...

The rate of photosynthesis and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of transformed tobacco plants grown in vitro and after their transplantation in natural conditions were studied. It was found that in vitro conditions limited photosynthetic incorporation of CO2 in the leaves of transformants probably because of restricted gas exchange in the vials. In vitro conditions also caused low...

Flooding imposes stress upon terrestrial plants since it severely hampers gas exchange rates between the shoot and the environment. The resulting oxygen deficiency is considered to be the major problem for submerged plants. Oxygen microelectrode studies have, however, shown that aquatic plants maintain relatively high internal oxygen pressures under water, and even may release oxygen via the ro...

High light acclimation depends on retrograde control of nuclear gene expression. Retrograde regulation uses multiple signalling pathways and thus exploits signal patterns. To maximally challenge the acclimation system, Arabidopsis thaliana plants were either adapted to 8 (low light (L-light)) or 80 µmol quanta m(-2) s(-1) (normal light (N-light)) and subsequently exposed to a 100- and 10-fold l...

Changes in light intensity directly affect the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus. Light energy absorbed in excess of cells' needs leads to production of reactive oxygen species and photo-oxidative damage. Excess light in both constant and dynamic environments induces photoprotective acclimation in plants. Distinct sets of signals and regulatory mechanisms are involved in acclimatory a...

We investigated light acclimation in seedlings of the temperate oak Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and the co-occurring sub-Mediterranean oak Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Seedlings were raised in a greenhouse for 1 year in either 70 (HL) or 5.3% (LL) of ambient irradiance of full sunlight, and, in the following year, subsets of the LL-grown seedlings were transferred to HL either before leaf flushi...

Plants vary greatly in their ability to survive freezing temperatures. At one extreme are plants from tropical regions that have virtually no capacity to survive even the slightest freeze. In contrast, herbaceous plants from temperate regions generally survive freezing temperatures ranging from 25°C to 230°C, depending on the species, whereas perennials in the boreal forests routinely survive w...