We investigated interactions of bispyridinium para-aldoximes N,N'-(propano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl) pyridinium bromide (TMB-4), N,N'-(ethano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium methanosulphonate (DMB-4), and N,N'-(methano)bis(4-hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium chloride (MMB-4) with human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase phosphorylated by tabun. We analysed aldoxime conformations to determine the ...

Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter called acetylcholine and is crucially involved in the regulation of neurotransmission. One of the observable facts in the neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease is the decrease in the level of acetylcholine. Available drugs that are used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are primarily acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with ...

Overproduction of interleukin-1 within the brain is associated with Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions. We report that peripheral administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors tacrine, rivastigmine, neostigmine, or EN101 (an antisense oligonucleotide directed at acetylcholinesterase messenger RNA) to mice significantly attenuated the production of interleukin-1beta in...

Three potential reactivators of nerve agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: 2-[(hydroxyimino)phenylmethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3a, 2-[(hydroxyimino)pyridin-2ylmethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3b and 2-[(1-hydroxyimino) ethyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide 3c were synthesized. Their reactivation potency was examined using a standard in vitro reactivation test. A rat brain homogenate was used...

A fast competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measuring homovanillic acid in human urine samples was developed with a monoclonal antibody and acetylcholinesterase as enzyme label. Enzyme detection was performed by an easy colorimetric assay. Monoclonal antibodies were screened on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, and correlation studies. EIA has a detection limit of 0.5 micromol/L, a CV ...

The distribution of dopamine-containing processes in the striatum of fetal and neonatal cats was studied by immunohistochemical and glyoxylic acid histofluorescence methods and compared to the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) observed by thiocholine histochemistry in the same or serially adjoining sections. Both methods for demonstrating the dopam...

A new, highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of serotonin (5HT) is described. The assay is based on the competition between N-succinyl-glycinamide-serotonin (N-SGA-5HT, obtained by acylation of the 5HT in the sample to be assayed) and an enzymic tracer, N-succinyl-5HT-acetylcholinesterase, for binding to rabbit polyclonal antibody coated onto the wells of microtiter plates. The antibody is ...

Enteric neurons and glia cells were isolated from adult Sprague Dawley rats. A procedure is described using a combination of microdissection and mechanical dissociation after enzyme treatment which yields large numbers of cell clusters suitable for tissue culture and grafting into the injured spinal cord. Differentiated enteric ganglia remained viable for at least 5 days in vitro. Cultured neur...

To understand the role of glycosylation in the circulation of cholinesterases, we compared the mean residence time of five tissue-derived and two recombinant cholinesterases (injected intravenously in mice) with their oligosaccharide profiles. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed differences in the total carbohydrate, galactose, and sialic acid contents. The molar ratio of sialic acid t...

BACKGROUND The diaphragm is resistant to competitive neuromuscular blocking agents. Because of the competitive mechanism of action of tubocurarine, the rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction may modulate its neuromuscular blocking effect. The authors compared the neuromuscular blocking effect of tubocurarine on isolated diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) mu...