A method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry was established for the identification of metabolites in feces, urine and bile in rats after oral administration of 3',4'-dimethoxy flavonol-3-β-d-glucopyranoside (abbreviated DF3G). Seven metabolites in rat feces, urine and bile were firstly identified on the basis of their MS fragmentation behaviors. Three...

Abstract Unless one embraces activities as foundational, understanding in mechanisms requires an account of the means by which entities biological engage their activities—an that does not merely explain terms more basic and activities. Recent research on molecular motors (myosin kinesin) exemplifies such account, explains free energy constraints. After describing characteristic “stepping” these...

The exonucleolytic degradation of high-density labeled DNA by exonuclease III was monitored using two-color fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). One strand of the double stranded template DNA was labeled on either one or two base types and additionally at one end via a 5' Cy5 tagged primer. Exonucleolytic degradation was followed via the diffusion time, the brightness of the remaining D...

Here we discuss the thermodynamics of hydrolysis three borate-based lithium salts commonly used in aprotic electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries: tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiODBF) and bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB). We performed density functional theory calculations at ω B97M-V/6–31++G** level to compute thermodynamic stability reagents, intermediate products solution ...

BACKGROUND The central premise for the commercialization of diets with hydrolyzed ingredients is that the small-sized digested peptides would be unable to crosslink allergen-specific IgE at the surface of tissue mast cells and induce their degranulation. Evidence for the validity of this concept to diagnose food allergies in dogs and cats is limited, however. Our objectives were to study the re...