Membrane penetration depth represents an important parameter which can be used to define the conformation and topology of membrane proteins and probes. We have previously characterized a set of fluorescence spectroscopic approaches, collectively referred to as wavelength-selective fluorescence, as a powerful tool to monitor microenvironments in the vicinity of reporter fluorophores embedded in ...

Introduction: Integrated radiation therapy - MRI systems are capable of delivering high doses to the target tissues near sensitive organs and achieve better therapeutic results; however, the Applied magnetic fields for imaging, can influence the charged path, change the penetration depth and deflect the particles, laterally, leading to dose distribution variations. Therefore, i...

background and aims. this in vitro study was designed to compare enamel demineralization depths adjacent to bands cemented with zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer (gi) and resin-modified glass ionomer (rmgi), in order to achieve minimal enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment. materials and methods. sixty fully developed extracted third molars were randomly divided into three test...

The aim of this paper is to show that damage mechanisms can account for the response of lamellar bone to nanoindentation tests, with particular regards to the decrease of indentation stiffness with increasing penetration depth and to the loss of contact stiffness during the unloading phase of the test. For this purpose, indentation experiments on bovine cortical bone samples along axial and tra...

bovine oocytes matured in culture were denuded from cumulus cells with hyaluronidase and by repeat pipetting trough a fine pasture pipete and were inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa in a protein-free bo medium containing 5m m-caffeine, l0 mg heparin/ml and with or without polyvinyl pyrrolidone (pvp) and different concentrations of hyaluronic acid. when oocytes were inseminated in the ab...

Recently, it has been demonstrated that particulate substances penetrate preferentially into the hair follicles and that the penetration depth depends on the particle size. In the present study, the influence of the vehicle of the particulate substances on the penetration depth was investigated. Four different formulations (ethanolic suspension, aqueous suspension, ethanolic gel and aqueous gel...