Serological surveys provide reliable information from which to calculate forces (instantaneous rates) of infection, but waning immunity and clinical consequences that depend on residual immunity complicate interpretation of results. We devised a means of calculating these rates that accounts for passively acquired maternal antibodies that decay or active immunity that wanes, permitting re-infec...

A study has been made by clinical methods and by bio-assay of the effectiveness of a régime for prophylaxis against tetanus. The two principal objects of the method were to ensure that active immunization was offered to all patients who had received antitoxin and to measure the effect of the combined administration of toxoid and antitoxin. Because of a high incidence of failure to re-attend, 63...

1. Type-specific antipneumococcus immunity has been induced in rabbits by immunization with antigen prepared by combining a specific derivative of the capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus with globulin from horse serum. 2. Rabbits immunized with this antigen acquire active immunity against infection with virulent Type III pneumococci. 3. The sera of the immune rabbits contain type-s...

1. By means of a single large dose of poliomyelitis virus, distributed at a number of intradermal sites, active immunity has been produced in Macacus rhesus monkeys, as shown by skin neutralization and intracisternal tests. 2. In the small series (four animals) of monkeys so treated, neither abortive nor paralytic signs of experimental poliomyelitis appeared.

Mice were immunized subcutaneously with either killed cells or a ribosome-containing fraction (RF) obtained from Vibrio cholerae Ogawa 41. At appropriate time intervals, these mice or their progeny were challenged with uniformly lethal doses of Ogawa or Inaba serotype. Half of the offspring born to mice immunized with 20 mug of RF were protected against homologous challenge at 7.5 weeks of age,...

1. Rabbits, vaccinated by repeated intravenous injections of suspensions of heat-killed R pneumococci, acquire a marked degree of active immunity to infection with the virulent S forms of Pneumococcus Types I and II. Previously (1) it was shown that the immunization of rabbits with R cells induces active resistance to Type III infection. This immunity is effective when the infecting organisms a...

Based on experiments showing immunomodulatory effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.), we sought to see whether Allium hirtifolim Boiss., belonging to the same genus of garlic, has any effect on immune responses. Hydroalcoholic extract and polyphenolic fraction of A. hirtifolium bulbs were prepared. Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate), a biologically active component, was identified in plant bulbs...

Based on experiments showing immunomodulatory effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.), we sought to see whether Allium hirtifolim Boiss., belonging to the same genus of garlic, has any effect on immune responses. Hydroalcoholic extract and polyphenolic fraction of A. hirtifolium bulbs were prepared. Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate), a biologically active component, was identified in plant bulbs...

H∞ controller for active magnetic bearings (AMBs) with flexible rotor system was designed in this paper. The motion equations of AMBs and flexible rotor system are built based on finite element methods (FEM). Weighting function matrices of H∞ controller for AMBs are studied for both the sensitivity and the complementary sensitivity of H∞ control theory. The simulation shows that the H∞ control ...

Investigations with antisera prepared in rabbits and sheep and active immunity experiments in mice showed that strains of Pasteurella multocida which, according to the haemagglutination test, are serologically related, do not necessarily give rise to cross immunity. Conversely, it was found that serologically unrelated strains may exhibit an appreciable degree of cross protection. The unreliabi...