conclusions our case showed that if the respiratory failure occurred due to substernal goiter and svcs, we would need to investigate the coexistence of osas and svcs. case presentation we presented the clinical course and treatment of acute respiratory failure (arf) developed in a patient with svcs and osas due to substernal goiter. after treatment of arf with invasive mechanical ventilation, w...

abstract background: acute bronchiolitis is the most common form of lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. there are numerous contradictory reports regarding the efficacy of nebulized bronchodilators in the management of infants with acute bronchiolitis. this study was designed to compare the efficacy of nebulized epinephrine with salbutamol for treatment of the disease. methods: in a ra...

acute dyspnea is a common cause of hospitalization in emergency departments (ed).distinguishing the cardiac causes of acute dyspnea from pulmonary ones is a major challenge for responsible physicians in eds. this study compares the characteristics of bedside ultrasonography with serum level of blood natriuretic peptide (bnp) in this regard. methods: this diagnostic accuracy study compares bedsi...

At the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and infected over 4 million people around the world. Individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an influenza-like illness and respiratory tract infections. We can categorize patients in three main groups: asymptomatic infected cases, patients with mild upper res...

Toll like receptors (TLRs) with a myeloid differentiation antigen (CD14) recognize and bind various structures from invading microbes and then trigger cell activation. They initiate a variety of effectors' functions, including cytokine secretion, proliferation, co-stimulation or phagocyte maturation. The aim of this study was to evaluate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expression in childr...