Difference in leg stiffness between females and males is considered to be a cause of higher rates of Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury in female athletes. Females are believed to have lower stiffness and as a consequence different recruitment strategies to adapt functional tasks. The aim of the current study was to evaluate how leg stiffness is tuned to demanding conditions. 22 healthy subjects...

The International Forum on Translation Technology will be held on the theme of cooperative work between humans and the computer. As an example of the cooperative work, the present situation and prospects for the machine translation value-added network (MT-VAN) service will be described below. In the MT-VAN, users, the machine translation systems and the translators are satisfactory linked by th...

Two methods commonly used to measure the normal spring constants of atomic force microscope cantilevers are the added mass method of Cleveland et al. @J. P. Cleveland et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 403 ~1993!#, and the unloaded resonance technique of Sader et al. @J. E. Sader, J. W. M. Chon, and P. Mulvaney, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 ~1999!#. The added mass method involves measuring the chang...

We have studied the passive maintenance of high angle of attack and its lift generation during the crane fly's flapping translation using a dynamically scaled model. Since the wing and the surrounding fluid interact with each other, the dynamic similarity between the model flight and actual insect flight was measured using not only the non-dimensional numbers for the fluid (the Reynolds and Str...

Background Balance during orthostatic standing is usually investigated through force platforms and consolidated sets of parameters and protocols [1] based on 51.2s of observation period and on analysis of centre of pressure (COP) movements in the time and in the frequency domain. Force instantaneous changes associated to centre of mass vertical oscillations had been scarcely investigated [2], m...

The Effect of Educational Expenditures on Added Value in Industrial Sector K. Shahbaazi, Ph.D. M. Hassani, Ph.D. N. Shahbaazi Since 78% of the work force in Iranian industries consists of those holding a high school diploma or less, any investment in increasing this level of education could lead to an increase in the added value in the industrial sector. Analyses of the availabl...

The three-dimensional flow around a hemispherical bubble sliding and growing on a wall in a viscous linear shear flow is studied numerically by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations in a boundary-fitted domain. The main goal of the present study is to provide a complete description of the forces experienced by the bubble (drag, lift and added mass) over a wide range of sliding and shear Reyn...

Using the force-susceptibility formalism of linear quantum measurements, we study the dynamics of signal recycled interferometers, such as LIGO-II. We show that, although the antisymmetric mode of motion of the four arm-cavity mirrors is originally described by a free mass, when the signal-recycling mirror is added to the interferometer, the radiation-pressure force not only disturbs the motion...