conclusion our results showed that obtained protein patterns of the isolated strains were more reliable than serotyping results for typing purposes. our findings indicated that pap adhesion–encoding operon has an important role in the development and severity of uti. many cases of serious urogenital diseases are caused by a limited number of uropathogenic e.coli strains that generally possess s...

P. aeruginosa produces two lectins: PA-IL (LecA) (that bind galactose [Gal] and L-arabinose [Ara]), and PA-IIL (LecB) (that binds fucose [Fuc] > mannose [Man] and fructose [Fru]) [5,6]. These lectins contribute to the pathogens adhesion to target cells [7] and amplify the destructive effects of their accompanying virulence factors on those cells [8]. They also contribute to the pathogen auto-ag...

Candidosis caused by non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species have been increased in recent years, namely due Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. Furthermore, candidosis is facilitated by a number of virulence factors, such as adherence to medical devices and/or host cells, biofilm formation and secretion of enzymes. Thus, the main goal of this study was to charact...

PURPOSE Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis belong to the Mitis group, which are mostly commensals in the human oral cavity. Even though S. oralis and S. mitis are oral commensals, they can be opportunistic pathogens causing infective endocarditis. A recent taxonomic re-evaluation of the Mitis group has embedded the species Streptococcus tigurinus and Streptococcus dentisani into the s...

Enterococci have controversial status due to their emerging role in nosocomial infections and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, while some enterococci strains are used as probiotics for humans and animals and starter cultures in dairy industry. In order to improve our understanding of factors involved in the safe use of enterococci as potential probiotics, the antibiotic susceptibili...

pertussis is still endemic and the recently resurgence of the disease caused by bordetella pertussis has been shown in many countries. the polymorphism of the virulence genes of b. pertussis and lack of any information about the allelic variation between the iranian isolates promotes us to analysis of the genes encoded virulence factors including ptxs1, prn, fim3 and cya to understand the diffe...

conclusions the results of the current study designate the important role of medical samples as reservoirs of resistance inducing elements. early detection of vre with their virulence trait will help to prevent the spread of vancomycin resistant enterococcus species. supervision for antibiotic usage in hospitals, especially for last option antibiotics, can prevent the spread of resistant isolat...

We previously reported that a mouse model reflected, at least in part, the pathogenic mechanism of bacteremia observed during streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS). We have extended this study by assaying the in vitro adhesion of these same isolates to mammalian cells. Unexpectedly, we found that high-virulence GAS isolates in the mouse model showed low adhesi...

We have recently concluded that a Listeria monocytogenes 86 kDa immunogenic surface protein, IspC, is a cell wall-anchored peptidoglycan hydrolase (autolysin), capable of degrading the cell wall peptidoglycan of the bacterium itself. To determine if this enzyme has any biological functions and/or plays a role in virulence, we in-frame-deleted the ispC gene from the L. monocytogenes chromosome. ...

Clostridium difficile produces two major toxins referred to as toxins A and B. These are thought to be primarily responsible for the virulence of the bacterium and the major contributors to the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal disease. The molecular organization and control of expression of toxins A and B is now starting to be understood, and the cellular mechanism of acti...