State structures are constantly adjusted for resilience in a social world full of external and internal challenges. Structural shifts or reforms comprehensively explored the public management literature; though little is known regarding dynamics developing context like Pakistan that too from longitudinal perspective. This research documents key adjustments state structure analyzes changing refo...

A method is developed for adjusting the values of the prognostic variables near the interface between a nonhydrostatic, high resolution model embedded in a hydrostatic, coarser resolution model. It incorporates a method of conditioning the outer domain lateral boundary values to enforce conservation of volume when the variables are interpolated onto the inner domain grid. This is accomplished b...

In Saudi Arabia, the Riyadh Sewage Treatment Plant (RSTP) uses the activated sludge technology as the secondary treatment process for sewage. Due to the complex nature of the process, a rather simplified, yet practical, steady state model that captures the most important features of the RSTP was developed. Actual operating and design conditions were obtained from RSTP data bank. The monthly ave...

Semicontinuous data consist of a combination of a point-mass at zero and a positive skewed distribution. This type of non-negative data distribution is found in data from many fields, but presents unique challenges for analysis. Specifically, these data cannot be analyzed using positive distributions, but distributions that are unbounded are also likely a poor fit. Two-part models incorporate b...