This paper analyses the anti-corruption activities of 24 transition countries in the period 1999-2002. These activities are divided into omnibus anti-corruption programmes, legislative reform aimed at tackling corruption, and adherence to international anti-corruption conventions. The paper presents a new measure for determining the extent of anti-corruption activity undertaken in these three c...

BACKGROUND In response to rising rates of opioid abuse and overdose, U.S. states enacted laws to restrict the prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances. The effect of these laws on opioid use is unclear. METHODS We tested associations between prescription-opioid receipt and state controlled-substances laws. Using Medicare administrative data for fee-for-service disabled beneficiarie...

next to mechanisms, methods and instruments and classic public bodies to administer, there are new independent administrative and public authorities equipped with various skills and attribution, composed of soft law and hard law to regulate the public fields. the multiplicity of forms of regulation show the composite nature of regulation, which is between the private and public domain: laws, co...

Most African states are unitary with political power vested in the central government. Laws and decisions concerning the public sector are enacted and enforced by the central government.1 Authority is delegated to junior government officials who implement policies within rigid guidelines. Provincial and district levels of government serve administrative roles but do not make laws, collect taxes...

Intellectual pursuit and the recognition of ideas is a central concept. Copyrights protect the rights of intellectual creators while balancing those rights with the needs for access. As technologies have expanded, and production has become more sophisticated, the legal regulations surrounding their use have become more complex. With the advent of the interactive web 2.0 and increased resource s...

When John Adams crafted wording that the state shall establish "a government of laws and not of men" into the constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1780, he did not specify precisely where, in the real world, the boundaries of law should end and where officials should begin to exercise discretion in interpreting and enforcing the laws. The founding fathers gave us organizing prin...

Governor of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Janet Napolitano Superintendent of Public Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tom Horne Student Regent (voting), appointed to June 2004 ....

0494 On 26 December 2004, Sri Lanka was affected, along with many other countries in the region, by deadly tsunami waves. The estimated death toll in Sri Lanka was more than 40,000; many more thousands of people were missing and displaced. Sri Lanka had not experienced a disaster of such magnitude in its 2,000 years of recorded history. The administrative, health, and judicial services were sim...

Three-hundred and twenty written accounts of environmental transgressors were assessed by sequential analysis to reveal their argument streams. The accounts were obtained from the written statements that transgressors are allowed to give during the Spanish administrative process and which were included in files handled by four environmental law enforcement agencies. These agencies are distribut...

The Italian one stop shop policy has been a central part of a far-reaching reform package (the so called Bassanini Laws) whose cornerstone was law no. 59 of 1997, from which stemmed a (still ongoing) cascade of national and local laws and regulations. The objective of the OSS policy is twofold: a) bureaucratic simplification of administrative procedures for potential and actual entrepreneurs an...