In the rat, angiotensin II receptors of the adrenal glomerulosa and smooth muscle undergo reciprocal regulatory changes that parallel the changes in target cell sensitivity to angiotensin II during altered sodium intake. In primates, the relative importance of angiotensin II receptor regulation during sodium-induced changes in angiotensin II sensitivity is not clear. To evaluate the role of ang...

Using type 1a angiotensin receptor (AT1a) receptor-deficient (Agtr1a-/-) mice and in vivo autoradiography, we tested the hypothesis that intracellular uptake of ANG II in the kidney and adrenal glands is primarily mediated by AT1a receptors and that the response is regulated by prevailing endogenous ANG II. After pretreatment of wild-type (Agtr1a+/+) and Agtr1a-/- mice (n = 6-9 each group) with...

In the rat, angiotensin II receptors of the adrenal glomerulosa and smooth muscle undergo reciprocal regulatory changes that parallel the changes in target cell sensitivity to angiotensin II during altered sodium intake. In primates, the relative importance of angiotensin II receptor regulation during sodium-induced changes in angiotensin II sensitivity is not clear. To evaluate the role of ang...

The present study was conducted to investigate the functional implication of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type I (PAC(1)) receptor in the adrenal catecholamine (CA) secretion induced by either PACAP-27 or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in anesthetized dogs. PACAP-27, VIP, and their respective antagonists were locally infused to the left adrenal gland v...

Impaired scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated uptake of HDL-cholesterol esters (HDL-CE) induces adrenal insufficiency in mice. Humans contain an alternative route of HDL-CE clearance, namely through the transfer by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) to apolipoprotein B lipoproteins for subsequent uptake via the LDL receptor. In this study, we determined whether CETP can com...

The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in the opioid receptor binding (mu, delta and kappa) in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex (HPA) of lambs treated in vivo with corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist (NAL), and dexamethasone, a potent cortisol analog (DEX). Experiment was carried out on 3 months old female lambs of polis...

The diversification of neural-crest-derived sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitor cells into sympathetic neurons and neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells was thought to be largely understood. In-vitro studies with isolated SA progenitor cells had suggested that chromaffin cell differentiation depends crucially on glucocorticoids provided by adrenal cortical cells. However, analysis of mice lacking...

The adrenal cortex is innervated by afferent fibers that have been implicated in affecting cortical steroidogenesis. Modulation of neurotransmitter release from afferents may represent a regulatory system for the control of adrenal cortical function. The present studies validate an in vitro superfusion technique for adrenal capsules employing the drug capsaicin, which activates a subset of affe...

OBJECTIVES To characterize the dynamics of the pituitary-adrenal interaction during the course of coronary artery bypass grafting both on and off pump. Since our data pointed to a major change in adrenal responsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone, we used a reverse translation approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this change in a rat model of critical illness. DESIGN...

CONTEXT In male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), testicular adrenal rest tumors are frequently found that may interfere with gonadal function. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine steroid-producing features of testicular adrenal rest tumors. DESIGN AND SETTING The study is descriptive and took place at a university medical center. PATIENTS Eight adult CAH patients w...