this article is an inquiry into the causes of the failure of the iranian constitutional revolution of 1906 in achieving its aims and objectives, as the triumphant revolution faced many difficulties shortly after victory. in the period, iran was integrated into the international system, therefore, without noting international issues, understanding its internal developments cannot be possible. th...

After Musa al-Sadr arrived in Lebanon 1959, the passive Shi’i community became active, and this activism finally ended with Hezbollah gaining control serving Iran its confrontation Israel. The research literature on his activities shows that was, still remains, a phenomenon who, by virtue of deeds charisma, elevated population from being feeble ineffective to proud dominant one. This article ho...

many political concepts as well as technology exported to various regions of the world from europe after renaissance, industrial revolution and protestantism. meanwhile western technology andconcepts of political philosophy came to iran since nineteenth century. republicanism was one of these concepts. this concept and idea as one of the most factors in iranian contemporary political - social t...

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sebep olduğu iktisadi yük, 1917’de Rusya’da iç karışlıklıların artmasına oldu. Başlangıçta halk hareketleri olarak başlayan olaylar, Bolşeviklerle Menşeviklerin birlikte hareket etmesiyle büyük bir ihtilale dönüştü. İhtilalin yankıları XIX. yüzyıldan beri Rus baskısı altında olan İran’da sevinçle karşılansa da yeni kurulan Geçici Hükümetin savaş taraftarı olmasıyla bu s...

The history of the publication of biomedical journals parallels the development of modern medicine in Iran. Modern medicine was introduced to Iran in the mid-nineteenth century, particularly after the establishment of the Dar al-Fonun School in 1851. The foundation of this collage of higher education was instrumental in further advancement of modern medicine together with the publication of med...

the present article studies and analyses plan and planning in iran with respect to parameters of the idea of formation, birth, objectives, strategy and its functioning. iran has half-a-century record of planning, and has implemented 7 constructional and developmental plans so far (5 plans before and 2 plans after the revolution). right now, iran is implementing her third developmental plan. two...

the present paper studies the objectives and functions of constructing the new towns before and after the revolution in iran. before the revolution, new towns were established based on political – bureaucratic objectives, for the operation of huge oil resources and affiliated industries, to accommodate the workforce in industrial complexes, to implement the policy of regional decentralization...