We investigate the existence of an inverse relationship (IR) between farm size and technical efficiency in Philippine brackishwater pond aquaculture. The study is motivated by the exemption of fish ponds from the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Laws and suggestions in the literature of inefficient management of fish farms. The analysis of technical efficiency is based on the estimation of a multi...

INTRODUCTION 5 billion people around the world do not have access to safe, affordable, timely surgical care. This series of qualitative interviews was launched by The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) with the aim of understanding the contextual challenges-the specific circumstances-faced by surgical care providers in low-resource settings who care for impoverished patients, and how t...

Climate change has been proven to be the ultimate cause of social crisis in pre-industrial Europe at a large scale. However, detailed analyses on climate change and macro-economic cycles in the pre-industrial era remain lacking, especially within different temporal scales. Therefore, fine-grained, paleo-climate, and economic data were employed with statistical methods to quantitatively assess t...

BACKGROUND Understanding the extent to which HIV burden differs across communities and the drivers of local disparities is crucial for an effective and targeted HIV response. We assessed community-level variations in HIV prevalence, risk factors, and treatment and prevention service uptake in Rakai, Uganda. METHODS The Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) is an open, population-based cohort of...

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Background Lack of timely and quality emergency obstetric care (EmOC) has contributed significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Since 2009, the global guideline, referred to as the 'handbook', has been used to monitor availability, utilization, and quality of EmOC. Objective To assess application and explore experiences of resea...

Abstract The enhancement of crop yields through manuring has been attested since early farming prehistory in many parts the world. This article reviews history research into potential archaeological evidence for this practice Europe, Mediterranean lands and Near East. focus is on interpretation ceramic data recovered surface field surveys conducted 1950 what sorts activities may be plausibly in...

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a defi cit of most agricultural products, and that is why it is compelled to import signifi cant quantities of food. In order to increase the degree of self-suffi ciency, particularly for those products that have good potentials for production growth, creators of agrarian policy try to apply diff erent agrarian policy measures for stimulation of agricultural productio...

The agrarian crisis engulfing the country is bankrupting the farming communities. The euphoria that began with the green revolution, making India self-sufficient in food grains and increasing the incomes of farmers across the board, was eroded within a matter of decades, so plunging the agrarian economy into deep gloom. Facing low yields, spiraling costs of cultivation, a near stagnant technolo...