Different control strategies of bed temperature and moisture were investigated using various inlet air temperatures and air fluxes in both the ordinary packed bed bioreactor (without cooling water in the jacket) and the bioreactor with cooling water in jacket. The experiments were carried out within a 1-L solid-state packed bed bioreactor in which Aspergillus niger was cultivated on wheat bran....

Air pressure acting on building envelopes can wreak havoc with building performance if not properly understood and adequately designed for. Uncontrolled air pressure across the building envelope and within the building itself can cause infiltration and exfiltration that overpower HVAC systems. By disrupting the HVAC design, pressures can cause discomfort and create infection control and indoor ...

The performance of an incinerator is affected markedly by the moisture content of the refuse. To maintain a satisfactory £ire and a high rate of operation under con� ditions of varying refuse moisture is difficult at best: As the flue gas reflects the refuse analysis, a meter is proposed that would report the ratio of CO, and H,O vapor in the furnace exit gas. The CO2/H20 ratio varies from 2.0 ...

Three things must happen at exactly the same time if an infectious plant disease is to occur. One, a susceptible plant must be in a vulnerable state. Two, the parasite that causes the disease must be in an infective stage. Three, environmental conditions must be favorable for disease development. The environment of a plant consists of the air around it and the soil in which it grows. The enviro...

A good green building design project, designers should consider not only energy consumption, but also healthy and comfortable needs of inhabitants. In recent years, the Taiwan government paid attentions on both carbon reduction and indoor air quality issues, which be presented in the legislation of Building Codes and other regulations. Taiwan located in hot and humid climates, dampness in build...

BACKGROUND Drying of terebinth fruit was conducted to provide microbiological stability, reduce product deterioration due to chemical reactions, facilitate storage and lower transportation costs. Because terebinth fruit is susceptible to heat, the selection of a suitable drying technology is a challenging task. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used as a nonlinear mapping structures for mod...

Fluctuations in soil moisture create drying-rewetting events affecting the activity of microorganisms. Microbial responses to drying-rewetting are mostly studied in soils that are air-dried before rewetting. Upon rewetting, two patterns of bacterial growth have been observed. In the Type 1 pattern, bacterial growth rates increase immediately in a linear fashion. In the Type 2 pattern, bacterial...

Moisture management is the ability of a fabric to transport moisture away from the skin to the garment’s outer surface in multi-dimensions and it is one of key performance criteria in today’s textiles for garments for various end uses. This property has a significant effect on the human perception of moisture sensations as well as the growth of microorganisms. Plasma treatment on textiles is a ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine types and levels of airborne fungal spores in air-conditioned homes built after 1980 without obvious moisture problems during the 2004 summer (rainy season) in central Florida, USA. METHODS Eighteen single-family homes were selected based on protocol questionnaire and cursory inspection, which revealed no obvious moisture or visible fungal grow...

The present experiment evaluated the influence of moisture level and anaerobic fermentation on aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR). The dynamic changes in chemical composition and microbial population that occur after air exposure were examined, and the species of yeast associated with the deterioration process were also identified in both non-fermented and fermented TMR to deepen the...