BACKGROUND Because alcohol has multiple dose-dependent consequences, it is important to understand the causes of individual variation in the amount of alcohol used. The aims of this study were to assess the long-term repeatability and genetic or environmental causes of variation in alcohol intake and to estimate the degree of overlap with causes of susceptibility to alcohol dependence. METHOD...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and the risk for type 2 diabetes (DM) in Japanese. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE data base with the key words 'alcohol intake' (or 'alcohol consumption') and 'Japanese' cross-linked with 'diabetes mellitus' (or 'impaired glucose tolerance'). The reports we sought were restricted to prospective cohort studies, randomized contr...

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore factors associated with alcohol consumption among upper secondary school students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. A multistage sampling technique was used for selecting 850 students from 6 schools and subjects were classified into 2 groups according to hazardous alcohol drinking (yes=107, no=743) by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (A...

OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to assess dietary adequacy and quality among Inuvialuit alcohol consumers and non-consumers in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to individuals (n = 216) of randomly selected households in 3 NWT communities to capture dietary intake and...

Relative contributions of earlier drinking and smoking vs mental health risk factors in predicting alcohol intake and heavy drinking in young adulthood were assessed. Higher average alcohol intake and heavy drinking (13 or more drinks on one occasion) in 1995 were significantly related to male gender and earlier high scores in 1990 of relief smoking, relief drinking, and their interaction. Pare...

Male rats were given daily sessions during which a palatable saccharin solution was available. Based on intakes averaged over 3 days, groups with low, intermediate, or high intake of saccharin were formed. These rats were then given daily sessions in which alcohol (2-8%) or water were available. Initially, sessions were conducted with rats on a food restriction schedule; in later sessions, food...

Numerous epidemiologic investigations have found an association between moderate intake of alcohol and increased blood pressure (BP). However, in controlled clinical studies that directly tested the effects of alcohol intake on BP, findings are inconsistent, perhaps because of differences in duration of alcohol use and the timing of BP measurements. In this setting, we performed a systematic re...

Background and Purpose—Epidemiologic studies have shown a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and vascular diseases. However, only few studies have reported on the association between alcohol intake and subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between alcohol intake and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in participants of the population-b...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epidemiologic studies have shown a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and vascular diseases. However, only few studies have reported on the association between alcohol intake and subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between alcohol intake and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in participants of the population-b...

Background. The relation between alcohol intake and insulin levels may explain, in part, the reported associations of alcohol with cardiovascular disease risk factors, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and glucose levels, each of which has been recognized as a component of the insulin resistance syndrome. Methods and Results. Subjects included ...