Methods for hydrolyzing and solvolyzing conjugated bile acid sulfates were compared on reference mixtures of conjugated and unconjugated bile acid sulfates gas-liquid chromatography to assess recovery, and thin-layer chromatography and zonal scanning to define the products occurring after hydrolysis. Conventional methods in which solvolysis preceded vigorous alkaline saponification gave incompl...

An alkaline phosphatase-bioreactive probe, in which the enzyme is covalently bound to the mass spectrometry target, has been developed for studies of phosphoproteins. The bioreactive probe was used in combination with affinity capture and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to study hydrolysis of several phosphoproteins found in human saliva. Human saliv...

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) find widespread applications as an electrolyte and/or electrode binder in fuel cells, electrodialysis stacks, flow and metal-air batteries, and electrolyzers. AEMs exhibit poor stability in alkaline media; their degradation is induced by the hydroxide ion, a potent nucleophile. We have used 2D NMR techniques to investigate polymer backbone stability (as opposed t...

The roles of Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) ions in promoting phosphoryl transfer catalysed by alkaline phosphatase are yet to be fully characterised. We investigated the divalent metal ion requirements for the monoesterase and diesterase activities of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The synergistic effect of Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) in promoting the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl phosphate (monoesterase rea...

The new platelet antiaggregant Triflusal or 2-acetoxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid presents a structural analogy to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Alkaline hydrolysis of triflusal was studied in the presence and absence of cationic micelles of N-cetyl-N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (CDEABr) at different KOH concentrations and different temperatures (25, 30, and 37 degrees C) using a spectro...

In order to help farmers to understand soil nutrients, use effectively our soil and protect our environment, at the same time to improve sustainable development of the agricultural system, the topsoil samples were collected form yushu city .The ways of combining Geostatistics with GIS were applied to analyze the spatial variability of soil nutrients, such as Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, availa...

It has been difficult to directly measure the spontaneous hydrolysis rate of urea and, thus, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea (Me4U) was used as a model to determine the "experimental" rate constant for urea hydrolysis. The use of Me4U was based on an assumption that the rate of urea hydrolysis should be 2.8 times that of Me4U hydrolysis because the rate of acetamide hydrolysis is 2.8 times that of N,N-...

Mice immunized intravenously 10 days earlier (but not those immunized 2 months earlier) with an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 aroA live vaccine and tested for delayed-type hypersensitivity by injection of crude Salmonella extracts in the footpad can die within 24 to 48 h of an unexplained allergic reaction. The lethal reaction could be prevented by prior administration of anti-tumor ...

Glucose production from sugarcane bagasse was investigated. Sugarcane bagasse was pretreated by four different methods: combined acid and alkaline, combined hydrothermal and alkaline, alkaline, and peroxide pretreatment. The raw material and the solid fraction of the pretreated bagasse were characterized according to the composition, SEM, X-ray and FTIR analysis. Glucose production after enzyma...