Computing confidence scores for applications, such as dialogue system, information retrieving and extraction, is an active research area. However, its focus has been primarily on computing word-, concept-, or utterance-level confidences. Motivated by the need from sophisticated dialogue systems for more effective dialogs, we generalize the confidence annotation to all the subtrees, the first ef...

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV treatment guidelines have been used by various countries to revise their national guidelines. Our study discusses the national policy response to the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa and quantifies delays in adopting the WHO guidelines published in 2009, 2013 and 2015. Methods From the Internet, health authorities and experts, and community...

We report a theoretical study showing that by utilizing the illumination of an external laser, the Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) signals on the graphene sheet can be modulated in the sub-micron scale. The SPP wave can propagate along the graphene in the middle infrared range when the graphene is properly doped. Graphene's carrier density can be modified by a visible laser when the graphene s...

This paper deals with the design of novel sub-1-V bandgap reference circuit using only MOS transistors in 0.18 μm CMOS technology, for a supply voltage of 1.8V. The circuit produces a voltage reference of 466.5 mV at 27C with a temperature coefficient of 28.4 ppm/C in the range of -20 to +120C. The power supply rejection of circuit is -30 dB at 8 KHz and this rejection further increase to -50 d...

In this paper we give three sub-cubic cost algorithms for the all pairs shortest distance (APSD) and path (APSP) problems. The rst is a parallel algorithm that solves the APSD problem for a directed graph with unit edge costs in O(log 2 n) time with O(n p logn) processors where = 2:688 on an EREW-PRAM. The second parallel algorithm solves the APSP, and consequently APSD, problem for a directed ...

The doped garnet-type solid electrolytes are attracting great interest due to high ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability against Li metal. However, the thick electrolyte layer rigid nature as well poor interfacial contact huge obstacles for its application in all-solid-state lithium batteries. Herein, an ultrathin flexible 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 - (LLZTO-) based with 9...

Magnesium scandium chalcogenide spinels are an important class of materials in Mg anode‐based batteries for energy storage applications. The applications these intriguing not limited to the storage, but use may also be useful solar cells, owing material optical bandgap. So far, all reported synthetic routes involve high‐temperature furnace treatment. Herein, a process which involves facile elec...

Tin-based perovskites are promising alternative absorber materials for lead-free perovskite solar cells but need strategies to avoid fast tin (Sn) oxidation. Generally, this reaction can be slowed down by the addition of fluoride (SnF2) precursor solution, which also improves layer morphology. Here, work analyzes spatial distribution additive within formamidinium triiodide (FASnI3) films deposi...

All-solid-state lithium battery has become one of the most promising secondary batteries due to their high energy density and excellent safety. However, growth dendrites side reactions between metal solid electrolytes hinder practical application all-solid-state batteries. Herein, a dual-functional layer ZnO LiF is fabricated at interface Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte by magnetic sputtering technique...