BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation and coagulopathy are major drivers of injury progression following hemorrhagic trauma. Our aim was to examine the effect of small-volume 3% NaCl adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) bolus and 0.9% NaCl/ALM 'drip' on inflammation and coagulation in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (429±4 g) were randomly assigned to: 1) shams, 2) no-...

Abstract. Augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) has been popularly used for solving constrained optimization problems. Its convergence and local convergence speed have been extensively studied. However, its global convergence rate is still open for problems with nonlinear inequality constraints. In this paper, we work on general constrained convex programs. For these problems, we establish the glob...

This paper presents a new middleware called ALMware for supporting development and performance evaluation of ALM (application layer multicast) protocols on real environments. To facilitate the development of ALM protocols, ALMware provides APIs which allow protocol developers to re-use typical operations used in existing ALM algorithms. Some additional APIs for transmitting video and audio betw...

—Application Layer Multicast (ALM) has emerged as a serious alternative to IP multicast and Content Delivery Networks (CDN). Nonetheless, ALM systems still face some performance issues for applications like live video streaming. These problems mainly occur due to the overlay structure or the user behavior. In this paper, we focus on the later one, which deeply impacts the performance of ALM sys...

The hypocretin receptor (HcrtR) antagonist almorexant (ALM) has potent hypnotic actions but little is known about neurocognitive performance in the presence of ALM. HcrtR antagonists are hypothesized to induce sleep by disfacilitation of wake-promoting systems whereas GABAA receptor modulators such as zolpidem (ZOL) induce sleep through general inhibition of neural activity. To test the hypothe...

BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the relationship between musculoskeletal deterioration and all-cause mortality in a cohort of women studied prospectively over a decade. METHODS A cohort of 750 women aged 50-94 years was followed for a decade after femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in conjunction with c...

Objective(s) Several antigens, adjuvants and delivery systems have been evaluated for induction of protective immune responses against Leishmaniasis, but most of them have been inefficient. In this study, PLGA nanospheres as antigen delivery system CpG-ODN as an immunoadjuvant for increasing the immune responses against Autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) were prepared and characterized. Materi...

Two experiments were conducted to investigate using alfalfa leaf meal (ALM; 22% CP, DM basis) in beef cattle diets. In Exp. 1, a total of 24 late-gestation Angus heifers (initial BW 470 +/- 9 kg) were blocked by BW, calving date, and BCS to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. All heifers were offered a basal hay diet (7.4% CP and 67.6% NDF, DM basis). Treatments wer...

Background: Appendicular skeletal muscle (or lean) mass (ALM) estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered to be a preferred method for sarcopenia studies. However, DXA is expensive, has limited portability, and requires radiation exposure. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is inexpensive, easy to use, and portable; thus BIA might be useful in sarcopenia investigati...

Multicast is a key component of applications such as multimedia streaming, multi-player gaming and generic publishsubscribe and event notification services. IP multicast has a number of technological, practical, and business obstacles [3], and thus is not widely used. An alternative, ApplicationLevel Multicast (ALM), has been proposed to support similar functionalities. A survey of existing ALM...