Two human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Kelly, were found to express the gene for erythropoietin (EPO) in an oxygen (O(2))-dependent manner. However, NB cells had maximal production of EPO with lower partial pressure of O(2) values than the well-characterized hepatoma cell line HepG2. This maximal EPO expression was preceded by accumulation of the O(2)-sensitive alpha subunit of th...

Adaptation to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of an oxygen-regulated alpha subunit and a constitutively expressed beta subunit. Although HIF-1 is regulated mainly by oxygen tension through the oxygen-dependent degradation of its alpha subunit, in vitro it can also be modulated by cytokines, hormones and genetic alterati...

Although studies have shown that administration of testosterone receptor antagonist, flutamide, following trauma-hemorrhage, improves hepatic, cardiovascular, and immune functions, the precise cellular/molecular mechanisms responsible for producing these salutary effects remain largely unknown. To study this, male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to a midline laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35+/-5...

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-...

Ischemic heart disease, resulting from ischemic and anoxic cardiomyocytes, can lead to the abnormal metabolic activity which is able result in some serious diseases including cardiac failure, thrombus other deadly disease it also bad factor health of human. Besides, oxidative stress one most factors this destroy healthy tissue, protein so on. Hypoxia, as a signal, launch hypoxia-inducible 1-alp...

Adaptation to hypoxia is an essential cellular response controlled by the oxygen-sensitive master transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 expression is also controlled by specific microRNAs and, in turn, controls the expression of other microRNAs, which fine-tune adaptation to low oxygen tension. In this issue of the JCI, Ghosh and colleagues identify a unique microRNA in...

Background and Purpose—Pyruvate is known to be cytoprotective through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that pyruvate protects the brain against ischemia–reperfusion injury by inducing endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) expression. Methods—Pyruvate’s protective effect was evaluated in C6 glioma cells and HT22 neuronal cells subjected to transient oxygen glucose...