For economic development to succeed in Africa in the next 50 years, African agriculture will have to change beyond recognition. Production will have to have increased massively, but also labour productivity, requiring a vast reduction in the proportion of the population engaged in agriculture and a large move out of rural areas. The paper questions how this can be squared with a continuing comm...

introduction :by ever-increasing of population, shortage of water resources and the necessity of wastewater treatment, huge volumes of sludge that is a byproduct of wastewater treatment, requires to be disposed in environmentally secure ways. the target of specifying strategic preferences of reuse of sludge has been to find the correct way of disposal or beneficial use of sludge. material and m...

Environmental stress is a major challenge for sustainable food production as it reduces yield by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which pose threat to cell organelles and biomolecules such proteins, DNA, enzymes, others, leading apoptosis. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offers an eco-friendly green alternative synthetic agrochemicals conventional agricultural practices in a...

Carbohydrates or polysaccharides are the main products derived from photosynthesis and carbon fixation in Calvin cycle. Compared to other sources, microalgae safe, biocompatible, biodegradable, stable, versatile. These polymeric macromolecules present complex biochemical structures according each microalgal species. In addition, they exhibit emulsifying properties biological characteristics tha...