This paper presents the concept of personalized routing scheme with failover management in the transmission path of data which is very much required for successful transmission and reception of data traveling on the routes at a faster rate in smart cities. The basic requirement of internet of thing concept is to increase efficiency to design efficient routing algorithm for smart cities. The pro...

Most research in the area of publish/subscribe systems has not considered fault-tolerance as a central design issues. However, faults do obviously occur and masking all faults is at least expensive if not impossible. A potential alternative (or sensible supplementation) to fault masking is self-stabilization which allows a system to recover from arbitrary transient faults such as memory perturb...

This paper presents a novel, multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for a cell formation problem (CFP) with alternative means. Due to existing contradiction among objectives, three are considered: 1) Minimizing the total cost consisting of; intercellular movements, purchasing, operation, and maintenance; 2) maximizing the utilization of machines in the system; 3) mini...

Risk factors are generally defined and assigned to road networks, as constant measures in hazmat routing problems. In fact, they may be dynamic variables depending on traffic volume, weather and road condition, and drivers' behavior. In this research work, risk factors are defined as dynamic variables using the concept of chaos theory. The largest Lyapunov exponent is utilized to determine the ...

Vehicular ad hoc networks are an emerging technology with an extensive capability in various applications including vehicles safety, traffic management and intelligent transportation systems. Considering the high mobility of vehicles and their inhomogeneous distributions, designing an efficient routing protocol seems necessary. Given the fact that a road is crowded at some sections and is not c...

Because of travel time uncertainty in traffic networks, the shortest path determined with a priori information may consist of links for which there are long delays and the path may not be optimal. Adaptive routing would suggest more reliable guidance by providing alternative links for en-route switching in the case of traffic congestion and a risk-averse hyperpath particularly provides an alter...

This study proposed an Enhanced Connectivity Aware Routing (ECAR) protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). The protocol uses a control broadcast to reduce the number of overhead packets needed in a route discovery process. It is also equipped with an alternative backup route that is used whenever a primary path to destination failed, which highly reduces the frequent launching and re-laun...

Routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) is a daunting task owing to dynamic topology, intermittent connectivity, spectrum heterogeneity, and energy constraints. Other prominent aspects such as channel stability, path reliability, and route discovery frequency should also be exploited. Several routing protocols have been proposed for CRAHNs in the literature. By stressing on one of t...

Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) is a challenging task due to its nature of open medium, infrastructurelessness, dynamicity and no trusted central authority. In MANET, a node can be compromised during the route discovery process. Attackers from inside or outside can easily exploit the network. Several secure routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. In this paper, Ad-Hoc On-Dem...