As engineers, a confliction readily appears in regards to cost efficiency against quality. Civil Engineer A of Peace Corps was assigned the task of the design and building of a desalination though electrodialysis plant in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Desalination is the process of removing high salt contents from groundwater in order to render it drinkable. Of the total volume of water on Earth,...

MicroRNAs are small 21-nucleotide RNA molecules with regulatory roles in development and in response to stress. Expression of some plant miRNAs has been specifically associated with responses to abiotic stresses caused by cold, light, iron, and copper ions. In acid soils, aluminum solubility increases, thereby causing severe damage to plants. Although physiological aspects of aluminum toxi...

Numerous radionuclides were released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (F1-NPS) in Japan following the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. Local residents have been eager to calculate their individual radiation exposure. Thus, absorbed dose rates in the indoor and outdoor air at evacuation sites in the Fukushima Prefecture were measured using a gamma-ray measu...