Vasoconstrictors are commonly used with local anesthetics to control pain in dental practice. This is related the role of vasoconstrictors alpha 1 receptor smooth muscle peripheral blood vessels. able constrict vessels area around injection site, so that there a decrease absorption anesthetic drugs tissue. These conditions also contribute prolongation duration action, depth anesthesia and syste...

This investigation originated in a report by Dr. Joan Cotterill, one of H.M. medical inspectors of factories, that workers in a Midlands factory making hard cutting tools complained of shortness of breath and that in radiographs of their lungs, some of them showed abnormal shadows. Many of the processes in the factory are trade secrets, but it is known that powdered cobalt metal is used as a bo...

In this clinical trial 100 children less than 4 years old,who had  underwent non-pharyngeal surgeries in Kerman university hospitals were selected randomly and investigated for early airway complications after tracheal extubation.patients were divided into two groups:the first group(n=50) were extubated while they were still anesthetised and the second group(n=50) were extubated after regaining...

r has been said, with an element of truth, that progress in surgery is dependent upon advances in the field of anasthesia. The development of induced hypotension as an adjuvant to surgery is an excellent example of this interdependence. Fundamentally unrelated to anaesthesia, the techniques have been evolved almost exclusively by anaesthetists, who must be prepared to accept responsibility for ...