we report a rare case of a two-rooted maxillary central incisor, stressing the importance of three-dimensional imaging in treatment planning and conservative approach of management. endodontic treatment of this central incisor was carried out with a successful outcome.

the anterior cruciate ligament (acl) is composed of two bundles, which work together to provide both antero-posterior and rotatory stability of the knee. understanding the anatomy and function of the acl plays a key role in management of patients with acl injury. anatomic acl reconstruction aims to restore the function of the native acl. femoral and tibial tunnels should be placed in their anat...

background: finding the safe location of spinal cord for cerebrospinal fluid (csf) during surgical procedures is very important due to its various nature for each patient as well as its potential peripheral nervous system hazards. the aim of this study was to find the relationship between the location of conus medullaris (cm) and gender, age and body mass index (bmi) in order to minimize the po...

maxillary second molar with two palatal roots is a rare dental anatomy. the diagnosis and treatment of exceeded root may create challenge for clinicians. the authors discuss the retreatment of a maxillary second molar in which exceeded root was undiagnosed in previous treatment. the case report underlines the importance of complete knowledge about root canal morphology which achieved by careful...

A thorough understanding of nasal anatomy is essential to successful nasal reconstruction. Addressing deficiencies of the external soft-tissue envelope, nasal framework, and internal mucosal lining is an important part of achieving an optimal aesthetic and functional outcome. The nose is a highly contoured pyramidal structure situated centrally on the face. It is composed of skin, mucosa, bone,...

introduction: objective: this study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. materials and methods: a total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. the teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with methyl s...

     Introduction: Objective: This study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. Materials and methods: A total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. Access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. The teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with met...