— Left ventricular segmentation is essential for measuring left ventricular function indices. Segmentation of one or several images requires an initial guess of the contour. It is hypothesized here that creating an initial guess by first detecting anatomical markers, would lead to correct detection of the endocardium. The first step of the algorithm presented here includes automatic detection o...

Surgical exposure of the clivus, the ventral or lateral aspect of the brain stem, and all the intradural structures of the petroclival area remains difficult because of the presence of the petrous apex and peripetrous complex. However, a lateral skull base approach to the petroclival area is the most suitable approach if the lesion to be resected lies medial to the fifth nerve, in front of the ...

Pharmacognostic investigation of the fresh leaves used for anatomical sections of Elaeocarpus blascoi Weibel was carried out to determine its macroand microscopical characters. Externally, the leaves possess Leaves simple, alternate, spiral, clustered at twig ends; stipules caducous; canaliculate, sparsely adpressed hairy; elliptic-ovate, apex acute to shortly acuminate with blunt tip, base rou...

Background. Most physicians use digital rectal examination (DRE) to help detect prostate cancer and to estimate the prostates' size. The accuracy of DRE is known to be limited. We evaluate the ability of doctors to palpate the whole prostate with DRE. Methods. At time of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) the distances from the anus to the apex and base of prostates were measured. The TRUS's distanc...

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is activated by capsaicin, acid, and heat and mediates pain through peripheral nerves. In the tongue, TRPV1 expression has been reported also in the epithelium. This indicates a possibility that sensation is first received by the epithelium. However, how nerves receive sensations from the epithelium remains unclear. To clarify th...

The orbits are paired structures, located on the anterior part of the face. Morphologically, each orbit is a four sided pyramid with a posterior apex and anterior base. In the orbit, all openings are arranged around the base, apex or between the orbital walls. An anatomical characteristic of the orbit is that structures are arranged in groups of seven: there are seven bones, seven intraorbital ...

This study assessed the contribution of the apical hair cells to hearing. Guinea pigs, chinchillas and monkeys were behaviorally trained using positive reinforcement to respond to pure-tone stimuli. When a stable audiogram had been determined, each subject received one of three experimental treatments: ototoxic drug administration, low-frequency noise exposure, or the application of a cryoprobe...

In this study, the morphology, anatomy, pollen morphology, leaf and seed micromorphology and karyology of the Turkish endangered endemic Physoptychis haussknechtii were investigated in detail for the fi rst time. The species was studied in terms of detailed morphology. Basal leaves are narrowly spatulate and cauline leaves are linear to oblanceolate; both leaves are covered with fl attened stal...

Because most of the recognized causes superior gluteal nerve (SGN) injury are iatrogenic, detailed knowledge anatomy SGN is crucial to prevent its associated with surgical procedures. This study aims describe precise location or branches at greater sciatic foramen, measure distances these neural structures palpable bony landmarks, and evaluate possible correlation between parameters pelvis size...

BACKGROUND To date, only plain radiographic definitions of normal anatomical parameters have been described. Our study aims to describe normal anatomic measurements of small and ring metacarpals using a novel digital reconstruction technique based on raw CT image data. We hypothesize that current plain radiographic data incorrectly describes normal metacarpal anatomy in the lateral plane. MET...