Rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are a common marine fish in nearshore and continental shelf environments in the North Pacific Ocean. They are frequently identified in coastal archaeological sites in western North America; however, the morphological similarity of rockfish species limits conventional zooarchaeological identifications to the genus level. This study applies ancient DNA analysis to 96 arch...

All rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unitary. In this note we give some properties of a finite collection of submodules such that the sum of any two distinct members is multiplication, generalizing those which characterize arithmetical rings. Using these properties we are able to give a concise proof of Patrick Smith’s theorem stating conditions ensuring that the sum and ...

The four principles approach to biomedical ethics (4PBE) has, since the 1970s, been increasingly developed as a universal bioethics method. Despite its wide acceptance and popularity, the 4PBE has received many challenges to its cross-cultural plausibility. This paper first specifies the principles and characteristics of ancient Chinese medical ethics (ACME), then makes a comparison between ACM...

The combination of digital libraries and applications from humanities is an important emerging eld that still faces great challenges. In this paper we investigate the science of numismatics and analyse how to digitize current manual practice for the classiication of ancient coins from the 4th century A.C. Our contributions are twofold. From the application's point of view we develop an improved...

The Pleistocene glacial cycles resulted in significant changes in species distributions, and it has been discussed whether this caused increased rates of population divergence and speciation. One species that is likely to have evolved during the Pleistocene is the Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus). However, the origin of this species, both in terms of when and from what ancestral taxon it evolv...

With rapid growth of information on the internet, recommender systems become fundamental for helping users alleviate the problem of information overload. Since contextual information can be used as a significant factor in modeling user behavior, various contextaware recommendation methods are proposed. However, the state-of-the-art context modeling methods treat contexts as other dimensions sim...

It is well established that related species hybridize and that this can have varied but significant effects on speciation and environmental adaptation. It should therefore come as no surprise that hybridization is not limited to species that are alive today. In the last several decades, advances in technologies for recovering and sequencing DNA from fossil remains have enabled the assembly of h...

The volumes under discussion, while very different in nature and value, reflect a growing dissatisfaction with the application of a classic Childean paradigm to the evolution of Egyptian civilisation. An increasing number of studies are now questioning the once axiomatic importance of settled village life as the basis for early state formation, and returning to older models in which mobile grou...

To gain insight into the social organization of a population associated with the Dawenkou period, we performed ancient DNA analysis of 18 individuals from human remains from the Fujia site in Shandong Province, China. Directly radiocarbon dated to 4800-4500 cal BP, the Fujia site is assumed to be associated with a transitional phase from matrilineal clans to patrilineal monogamous families. Our...