background: orthopaedic surgeons have a pivotal role in transitioning the care of orthopedic patients from a biomedical to a biopsychosocial model. in an effort to foster this transition, we designed a study aimed to determine surgeons’ attitudes and practice of noticing, screening, discussing psychological illness with patients, as well as making referrals to address psychosocial issues in pat...

methods and principles used in education come from diverse foundations. this paper aims at examining philosophical and psychological foundations of education based on two similar views from the west and the east: the illuminationist philosophy of suhrawardi and phenomenology of husserl. questions of the research deal with philosophical and psychological foundations of education from the standpo...

objective: childbirth is one of the most vulnerable moments and the most important and memorable events in the lives of women that despite of bringing happiness, it can be associated with psychological trauma and endanger the mother and neonate health. mothers' perception of the psychological birth trauma is a highly subjective process that depends on the cultural, social and biological conditi...

The future of biodiversity hinges to a great extent on the conservation value of countryside, the growing fraction of Earth's surface heavily influenced by human activities. How many species, and which species, can persist in such landscapes (and analogous seascapes) are open questions. Here we explore two complementary theoretical frameworks to address these questions: species-area relationshi...

There are a number of useful accounts of learned behavior in animals: a laboratory-associationist approach concerned with general principles of association and reinforcement, principles that hold even in artificial environments and with arbitrary stimuli and responses; an adaptive-evolutionary approach that focuses on the function of learned behavior, both in terms of its local expression and i...

Learning to contend with threats in the environment is essential to survival, but dysregulation of memories for traumatic events can lead to disabling psychopathology. Recent years have witnessed an impressive growth in our understanding of the neural systems and synaptic mechanisms underlying emotional memory formation. As a consequence, interest has emerged in developing strategies for suppre...

The present study evaluated the independent and cumulative effects of recent life stress, previous trauma, and recent trauma exposure on salivary cortisol levels among school-aged children. Sixty-eight children (mean age=10.7 years) reported their exposure to life stressors and traumatic events in the 12 months preceding the study. Children and their caregivers reported frequency of exposure to...

prisons come at great cost to society and still result in inmates disassociated from society. incarceration is however our primary forms of punishment; therefore we need to define the purpose of punishment to be integrated into our goals for prisons. prison architecture is a complex area of study, the classification proposed in this paper can be an important research tool by taking into conside...

background : drivers are vulnerable to musculoskeletal and psychological disorders because of substantially harmful agents in this stressful occupation. this study aims to investigate the influence of driver’s physical and psychological health on the risk of road accidents using fuzzy logic approach. methods : two input variables including musculoskeletal disorders (msds) and mental health, alo...