The paper presents the Stochastic Calculus of Looping Sequences (SCLS) suitable to describe microbiological systems, such as cellular pathways, and their evolution. Systems are represented by terms. The terms of the calculus are constructed by basic constituent elements and operators of sequencing, looping, containment and parallel composition. The looping operator allows tying up the ends of a...

We use time-resolved-small angle neutron scattering to study the kinetics of asphaltene nanoparticle aggregation in incompatible crude oil mixtures. We induce asphaltene aggregation by mixing asphaltene-rich Syrian crude oil ~SACO! with a paraffinic British crude oil and observe the scattered neutron intensity, I, as a function of wave number, q, over times, t, ranging from twenty minutes to ab...

CIOs in Hungary, Romania, and South Africa (SA) are today overcoming disadvantages that their firms suffered during decades of closed national markets. This paper reports on a series of interviews conducted with CIOs in these developing countries focusing on national and organizational strategies used to prepare for international competition and globalization. They achieved competitiveness by i...

The present layout of the indoor wireless mesh network test-bed build at the Meraka Institute is introduced. This is followed by a description of a numerical electromagnetic model for the complete test-bed, including the coupling and diffraction effects, as generated with WIPL-D Pro. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the measurements. The findings help to quantify errors an...

We apply a logistic smooth transition market model (LSTM) to a sample of returns on Australian industry portfolios to investigate whether bull and bear market betas differ. Unlike other studies, our LSTM model allows for smooth transition between bull and bear states and allows the data to determine the threshold value. The estimated value of the smoothness parameter was very large for all indu...

The study compared the shea-butter production techniques used among women processors in Baruten and Ilorin-South Local Government Areas of Kwara State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to elicit information from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule with questionnaire. Data were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age of the res...

Recent meat demand models incorporate demand functions for cuts of meat rather than whole carcasses. However, parameters for “meat quality” are seldom included in such models. Modelling difficulty arises as meat cuts are heterogeneous in their quality attributes. Meat quality may be assessed by measurement of attributes including tenderness, juiciness and flavour. Cooking method and cooking tim...

Probiotics have been suggested to be of use in many diarrhoeal disorders, particularly in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diarrhoea. Several different preparations are available commercially and they are widely used but consistent scientific documentation of their efficacy is lacking. Although their putative mode of action is not known, non-pathogenic organisms may prevent or displa...

Maximizing the yield of taxol per tree is important for the best management of the yew resource. Therefore, the possibility of obtaining additional taxol from the wood was explored. Initial reports form our laboratory, in cooperation with the National Cancer Institute, indicated relatively high concentrations of taxol in Pacific yew heartwood. Although these taxol concentrations were only about...

A shift in the dominant Symbiodinium species within a coral colony may allow rapid ac climatization to environmental stress, provided that the new symbiont is better suited to prevailing conditions. In this study, the Symbiodinium diversity in Pocillopora corals was examined following a cold-water bleaching event in the Gulf of California. Individual colonies were differentially im pacted by th...