In pig production, the terms "growth promoter", "performance enhancer", and "digestive enhancer" include a diverse range of products ranging from simple chemicals (copper salts) to chemically produced antibacterial compounds (carbadox) to antibiotics (tylosin, avilamycin, salinomycin, virginiamycin). Most of the antibiotic group are produced during a fermentation process by yeasts, moulds, and ...

The maintenance and enhancement of body composition is an energy-dependent process and is impossible without an adequate supply of energy and protein. In certain circumstances, alteration of the normal pattern of protein deposition and metabolism may be considered necessary. Drugs have been used with some success in attaining this end in three distinct clinical areas. First, they are proving ef...

Sir, I was dismayed to see that Phillips et al. were defending what nearly all microbiologists know are grave abuses of antibiotics— their continuous use in feed as growth promoters and the needless widespread use of broad spectrum agents (fluoroquinolones). This is despite their acknowledgement that ‘the more an antibiotic is used, the more likely are resistant populations to develop’ and that...

The maintenance and enhancement of body composition is an energy-dependent process and is impossible without an adequate supply of energy and protein. In certain circumstances, alteration of the normal pattern of protein deposition and metabolism may be considered necessary. Drugs have been used with some success in attaining this end in three distinct clinical areas. First, they are proving ef...

Growth promoters including hormonal substances and antibiotics are used legally and illegally in food producing animals for the growth promotion of livestock animals. Hormonal substances still under debate in terms of their human health impacts are estradiol-17β, progesterone, testosterone, zeranol, trenbolone, and melengestrol acetate (MGA) . Many of the risk assessment results of natural ster...

Current rates of population growth require the development new agricultural strategies to feed world human and livestock. The massive use chemicals causes serious damage environment, animal health. For this reason, endophytic fungi represents a biological alternative in increasing productivity sustainable way. This group microorganisms, which inhabit plant tissues organs without causing symptom...

investigation into total phenolics and their spectrum in the buds and corms of saffron crocus and a study of polyphenol oxidase changes in the apical bud during different stages of growth and development showed that changes in the growth and development of the apical bud may be related to changes in the composition of phenolics in the corm. a sudden intense change in content and kind of phenoli...

The weaning time is a crucial period in the management of piglets. The risk of development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is high. PWD is the cause of serious economic losses in pig herds. Since 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters for prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in piglets has been banned. This measure also led to the investigation of alternative suitable feed supplem...

the present experiment was carried out to determine the effects of  antibiotic  growth promoters, blend of medicinal plants, prebiotic and organic acid on performance and nutrients apparent digestibility in a six week period, using one hundred ninety two one- day- old broiler chicks (cobb 500) on a randomized complete block design experiment with six treatments consisting of 4 replications and ...