The available information about BSC for patients with NSCLC of the four published studies result in annual therapy costs per patient of 17,365 – 50,882 € with median costs of 29,261 €. Due to specific characteristics of the different international health care systems, the cost calculation for some kinds of treatments had to be adjusted to fit into the german reimbursement system. In addition, t...

This fact sheet documents the waste reduction measures of a company located in central Illinois that manufactures metal components used in electrical and mechanical support systems. These include conduit, process piping, wiring race ways, and other electrical equipment. The company’s goals were to improve its paint line’s pretreatment cleaning performance and to reduce operating costs. To achie...

external costs of environmental degradation are often ignored in economic analysis of projects. the mail goal of the paper is to economically analyze the current alternatives of meighan wetland utilization including extraction of sodium sulfate, aquaculture of artemia and integrative alternative considering external costs of wetland degradation. in order to detect eventual degradation of wetlan...

AIM To estimate annual direct and indirect costs for patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and subtypes. METHODS Patients completed a standardized questionnaire concerning usage of healthcare resources, travel costs, meals, and productivity loss of patients when seeking treatment for IBS. Total annual costs per patient were calculated as the sum of direct (including medical a...

The minimization of annual operating costs in radial distribution networks with the optimal selection and siting fixed-step capacitor banks is addressed this research by means a two-stage optimization approach. first stage proposes an approximated mixed-integer quadratic model to select nodes where must be installed. In second stage, recursive power flow method employed make exhaustive evaluati...

In this paper we propose an ACO approach, where two colonies of ants aim to optimize total costs in a transportation network. This main objective consists of two sub goals, namely fleet size minimization and minimization of the vehicle movement costs, which are conflicting for some regions of the solution space. Thus, our two ant colonies optimize one of these subgoals each and communicate info...

In this paper, we develop a multi-objective stochastic programming approach for supply chain design under uncertainty. Demands, supplies, processing, transportation, shortage and capacity expansion costs are all considered as the uncertain parameters. To develop a robust model, two additional objective functions are added into the traditional comprehensive supply chain design problem. So, our m...