The squid giant axon was placed in a shallow narrow trough and current was sent in at two electrodes in opposite sides of the trough and out at a third electrode several centimeters away. The potential difference across the membrane was measured between an inside fine capillary electrode with its tip in the axoplasm between the pair of polarizing electrodes, and an outside capillary electrode w...

A basic understanding of electrode structure and the characteristics of its components can be powerfully utilized in fuel cell applications such as direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) system integration and HCOOH concentration controlled systems. There have been, thus, tremendous efforts made to elucidate theoretical aspects of electrochemical processes involving new anode catalysts and put th...

Carbon nanofibers modified graphite fibers (CNFs/GF) composite electrode was prepared for anode in high substrate concentration microbial fuel cells. Electrochemical tests showed that the CNFs/GF anode generated a peak current density of 2.42 mA cm(-2) at a low acetate concentration of 20 mM, which was 54% higher than that from bare GF. Increase of the acetate concentration to 80 mM, in which t...

When cardiac pacing is performed in the bipolar configuration, both the cathode (negatively charged electrode) and the anode (positively charged electrode) are in contact with the myocardium. Myocardial stimulation by the pacing stimulus typically occurs only at the interface with the cathode. This is because (i) given equal sized electrodes, anodal stimulation has a higher threshold compared t...

Tungsten (W) was coated onto a silicon (Si) anode at the nanoscale via the physical vaporization deposition method (PVD) to enhance its electrochemical properties. The characteristics of the electrode were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. With the electrochemical pr...

A new microbial desalination cell with capacitive adsorption capability (cMDC) was developed to solve the ion migration problem facing current MDC systems. Traditional MDCs remove salts by transferring ions to the anode and cathode chambers, which may prohibit wastewater beneficial reuse due to increased salinity. The cMDC uses adsorptive activated carbon cloth (ACC) as the electrodes and utili...

In this study, a novel method has been proposed for synthesizing amorphous GeO2/C composites. The amorphous GeO2/C composite without carbon black as an electrode for Li-ion batteries exhibited a high specific capacity of 914 mA h g(-1) at the rate of C/2 and enhanced rate capability. The amorphous GeO2/C electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical stability with a 95.3% charge capacity retent...

A PdPt (10 wt% Pt) catalyst is used to replace platinum at the cathode of a PEMFC MEA whereas pure palladium is used as the anode catalyst. The catalysts are deposited on commercial carbon woven web and carbon paper GDLs by plasma sputtering. The relations between the depth density profiles, the electrode support and the fuel cell performances are discussed. It is shown that the catalyst gradie...

The growing market for flexible electronics devices is asking for reduction of manufacturing process complexity. One way to reduce complexity is to decrease the number of single components of a device by using integrated modules, i.e. device components providing multiple functions. In this article, the concept of a self-powered electrochromic graphics display device is demonstrated. The device ...

A general X-ray tube has two electrodes, the cathode and the anode, with a high voltage applied between them. Electrons are generated at the cathode. After the electrons are emitted from the cathode they are accelerated by the high voltage toward the anode (positive) electrode. The high speed electrons hitting the anode material then generate invisible radiation i.e. X-rays. The energy spectrum...