The anterior cingulate is believed to play a crucial role in the regulation of thought and action. Recent evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate may play a role in the detection of inappropriate responses. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques to examine the neural responses to appropriate (correct rejects and correct hits) and inappropriate (errors of co...

INTRODUCTION Perturbations in neural function provoked by a drug are thought to induce neural adaptations, which, in the absence of the drug, give rise to withdrawal symptoms. Previously published structural data from this study indicated that the progressive development of physical dependence is associated with increasing density of white matter tracts between the anterior cingulum bundle and ...

Stroop's test and the Verbal Fluency test are commonly argued to be measures of the integrity of the prefrontal cortex. This assumption has only to some degree been confirmed by lesion studies. In the present study, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with H(2)(15)O was used to further validate Stroop's test and the Verbal Fluency as measures of frontal lobe function; both tests were implemented...

Postictal psychosis (PIP), the occurrence of psychotic episodes following a seizure, is a common and serious comorbidity in patients with epilepsy. Yet, the anatomical correlates remain poorly defined. Here, we used quantitative MRI morphometry to identify structural abnormalities in the cortex of patients with PIP relative to patients with epilepsy without PIP and age- and gender-matched norma...

Studies using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) indicate that unmedicated, acutely depressed patients have decreased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the occipital cortex. The aim of this study was to use 1H-MRS to determine if changes in occipital and frontal cortical GABA levels were present in patients with a history of depression who had recovered and were no longer...

Calcium signaling is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors play a key role in synaptic potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Most previous studies of calcium signaling focus on hippocampal neurons, little is known about the activity-induced calcium signals in the anterior cingulate cortex. In the present study, we show that NMDA re...