BACKGROUND Smokers show increased brain activation in reward processing regions in response to smoking-related cues, yet few studies have examined secondary rewards not associated with smoking (i.e., money). Inconsistencies exist in the studies that do examine secondary rewards with some studies showing increased brain activation in reward processing brain regions, while others show decreased a...

This study examines the cognitive and neural determinants of honesty and dishonesty. Human subjects undergoing fMRI completed a monetary incentive delay task eliciting responses to anticipated reward in the nucleus accumbens. Subjects next performed an incentivized prediction task, giving them real and repeated opportunities for dishonest gain. Subjects attempted to predict the outcomes of rand...

The coronavirus is a phenomenon in the last months. impact on economy, especially tourism devastating. national governments put into practice several supportive measures to avert collapse. A specific tool was introduced for tour operators – issue of vouchers instead money refund. aim this paper identify and analyse risks measure offered by Czech government. identification based combination sour...

money and the way people spend it may cause lots of tension among family members; therefore, it is important to concentrate on money and the way it is spent. this article aims to address how women and men treat money as well as their differences and similarities. a mixed method (field research and survey) was designed to answer this question. qualitative data was gathered by using semi structur...

Despite anticipated curtailment of their powers, the past decade saw technocratic actors take on an increasingly powerful role in economic governance. Focusing EU, I analyse these epochal shifts as a move away from market liberal paradigm that informed 1992 European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The EMU combines highly restrictive attitude to public money creation with permissive laissez-f...

there are various ways for estimating velocity of money in economic literature and each has its own specific weaknesses and strengths. particularly, since a great deal of financial innovations and changes have recently taken place affecting the velocity of money, many traditional methods can no langer calculate the equilibrium velocity of money, and they are no longer dependable from the econom...

This paper is concerned with the choice of metrics for social cost-benefit analysis and dynamic welfare comparisons. We show that behind the intertemporal welfare maximization in a utilitarian framework, there is always a money wealth measure that can serve as a substitute for the maximized utility wealth. Thus, under the non-arbitrage course of discount rates, the choice between utility and mo...