Radar studies of a honeybee's flights when it first leaves its nest suggest the features of the surrounding landscape that it learns guide future foraging trips.

Prompted by doubts about the adequacy of the various control procedures long used in research on blocking, we repeated some earlier experiments with honeybees that had given the appearance of forward, concurrent, and backward blocking. The new experiments differed from the earlier experiments only in that the target stimulus was omitted during the training and was encountered for the first time...

Two microsporidians are known to infect honey bees: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Whereas population genetics data for the latter have been released in the last few years, such information is still missing for N. apis. Here we analyze the patterns of nucleotide polymorphism at three single-copy loci (PTP2, PTP3 and RPB1) in a collection of Apis mellifera isolates from all over the world, natu...

nosema apis is an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to phylum microsporidia. this para site is known as main causative agent of nosemosis in honeybees especially in the european honeybee (apis mellifera). nosemosis can cause queen supersedure, reduction of honey yield and dwindling the population of honeybees. a total number of 54 apiaries were randomly sampled from april to july 2011 a...

The native range of the honeybee Apis mellifera encompasses Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, whereas the nine other species of Apis are found exclusively in Asia. It is therefore commonly assumed that A. mellifera arose in Asia and expanded into Europe and Africa. However, other hypotheses for the origin of A. mellifera have also been proposed based on phylogenetic trees constructed from ge...

Differentiation of Iranian Honeybees (Apis mellifera meda) from Commercial Honeybee Subspecies using ND1 and ND5 Genes

Neotropical African honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata), in the process of spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, hybridize with and mostly replace European honeybees (primarily Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis mellifera ligustica). To help understand this process, we studied the effect of lineage (African, European, or hybrid) on the flight physiology of hone...