Apis mellifera venom is one of the best characterized venoms among Hymenoptera, yet relatively little is known about venom belonging to other species in the genus Apis. Melittin, one of the most important bioactive peptides, has been isolated and characterized in A. mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Apis florea, while apamin has been only characterized in A. mellifera and A. cerana. At p...

Nosema diseases is known to have two infecting Apis mellifera, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Historically N. apis was known to be well established pathogen of A. mellifera. Whoever N. ceranae was frequently reported to infect the honeybees during the last decade. Both N. apis and N. ceranae are now thought to be widespread across the world. Honey bees are also found to be co-infected with bot...

Türkiye farklı iklim ve coğrafi şartlara sahip olduğu için çok çeşitli bal arı ırklarının merkezi konumundadır. Türkiye’de yaygın olarak Anadolu arısı (Apis mellifera anatolica M.), Kafkasya caucasia G.), Suriye Arısı syrica), İran meda Skorikov, 1929) ırkları bulunmaktadır. Arıcılığın geçmişi Taş Devri eski medeniyet çağlarına kadar dayanmaktadır. İspanya'da yapılan kazılarda ortaya çıkarılan ...

This study compared stress-induced expression of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) genes in the European honeybee Apis mellifera L. and Asian honeybee Apis cerana F. Expression of both SOD1 and TrxR rapidly increased up to 5 h after exposure to cold (4 °C) or heat (37 °C) treatment and then gradually decreased, with a stronger effect induced by cold stress in A....