Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with clear cell changes is a very rare pathological entity. There are <150 cases of this breast cancer subtype reported in the literature. Clear cell carcinoma could be easily missed or under-diagnosed in a breast core biopsy specimen due to the fact that this subtype tends to show a papillary pattern with clear cell and pseudo-lactating changes, especial...

We present a case of phyllodes tumor of the breast in a 78-year-old woman evaluated with Tc-99m (V)DMSA and Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography, acquired in separate sessions (10 and 60 min post-injection). Tc-99m (V)DMSA was accumulated intensely within the mass [tumor to background ratio (T/B) >3], whereas Tc-99m MIBI had significantly lower uptake (T/B 1.9). Histology revealed a phyllodes tumor (m...

BACKGROUND Apocrine carcinoma is rare and often occurs in the axilla. This is the second apocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral axillae with associated apocrine hyperplasia to be reported. AIMS/METHODS Because benign apocrine tumours may be precursors of cancer, this case was investigated immunohistochemically and histologically, and a literature (English and Japanese) review undertaken of c...

We studied 24 selected breast tumors and 3 lymph nodes metastasis from patients with breast carcinoma. The biopsies were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Additional sections from each case were immunostained for prostate specific antigen (PSA), using the EnVision technique. PSA was detected in 7% of normal breast tissues, in 54.5% of benign tu...

Fibroadenoma is the most common breast tumor in adolescent and young women. Fibroadenomas that consist of sclerosing adenosis, papillary apocrine metaplasia, epithelial calcifications, and/or cysts greater than 3 mm are considered as complex fibroadenoma. The relative risk of developing breast cancer in patients with complex fibroadenoma is increased, compared to women with noncomplex fibroaden...

We report a case of adenocarcinoma affecting the chin of a 48-year-old man. The tumor showed signs of apocrine differentiation and had infiltrated the muscle. The patient had no history or clinical evidence of breast cancer. We made a diagnosis of cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma. Apocrine adenocarcinoma rarely arises in areas with scarce apocrine glands. We reviewed the literature on apocrine...

The paper deals with 20 benign tumours of the nipple and areola. The most common lesion was adenoma or florid papillomatosis (11 cases). On the basis of clinical and histological differences, the cases were divided into two groups.Group I.-Tumours showing an adenomatous pattern (5 cases) appropriately termed adenoma of the nipple. Chief clinical features were younger age, long duration and enla...

OBJECTIVE Apocrine carcinoma, a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, expresses androgen receptor (AR), but often lacks estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). In the present study, the author immunohistochemically defined apocrine-type carcinoma as ER-/PgR-/AR+ invasive ductal carcinoma and analyzed the significance of apocrine-type carcinoma as triple-negative br...