The lung lavage fluids from patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis have been generally used as a source for human surfactant protein A (SP-A). We have recently found that a multimerized form of SP-A oligomer (alveolar proteinosis protein-I, APP-I) exists besides the normal-sized octadecamer (APP-II) in SP-As isolated from the patients. When analysed by Bio-Gel A15m column chromatography i...

The processing of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is multifaceted, comprising of protein transport, internalization and sequential proteolysis. However, the exact mechanism of APP intracellular trafficking and distribution remains unclear. To determine the interaction between sortilin and APP and the effect of sortilin on APP trafficking and processing, we studied the binding site and its funct...

OBJECTIVE To discuss whether PP-2A influences the phosphorylation level at APP threonine 668 locus thus regulating Aβ secretion. METHOD In the experiment, 24 hours after N2a cells of stably transfected human APP (N2a/APP) were treated with okadaic acid (OA) or DES (C6-ceramide) (N2a/APP), an injection of OA cerebral stereotactic was administered to a SD rat in the hippocampal region, or PP-2A...

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) secretase plays a pivotal role in the processing of APP since its activity precludes the formation of amyloid peptide in Alzheimer's Disease. The identity and the subcellular localization of this enzyme are at this moment unknown. It is also unclear how APP escapes the activity of this enzyme when amyloid is formed. We have previously shown that APP-secretase act...

The amyloid β precursor protein (APP) is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein that is ubiquitously expressed in many cell types, including neurons. Amyloidogenic processing of APP by β- and γ-secretases leads to the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides that can oligomerize and aggregate into amyloid plaques, a characteristic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Multiple reports sug...

The β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been extensively studied for its role as the precursor of the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) of Alzheimer's disease. However, the normal function of APP remains largely unknown. This article reviews studies on the structure, expression and post-translational processing of APP, as well as studies on the effects of APP in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that the p...

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is implied both in cell growth and differentiation and in neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer disease. Regulated proteolysis of APP generates biologically active fragments such as the neuroprotective secreted ectodomain sAPPalpha and the neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the intact transmembrane APP plays a signalin...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying amyloid precursor protein family (APP/APP-like proteins, APLP) function in the nervous system can be achieved by studying the APP/APLP interactome. In this review article, we focused on intracellular APP interacting proteins that bind the YENPTY internalization motif located in the last 15 amino acids of the C-terminal region. These proteins, wh...

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) must fulfill important roles based on its sequence conservation from fly to human. Although multiple functions for APP have been proposed, the best-known role for this protein is as the precursor of Abeta peptide, a neurotoxic 39-43-amino acid peptide crucial to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. To investigate additional roles for APP with an eye towar...

We develop a two-sided market model that captures two unique features of the in-app mobile advertising market: the joint structure of the adverting platform and agency pricing for the app sales channel. In the joint structure of the mobile advertising platform, both the platform owner and the app developer jointly control the provisioning of ads compared to the platform owner alone in the tradi...